Identification Information

Citation:

Originator:  Stanley A. Mertzman, Franklin and Marshall College, Department of Earth and Environment; Stephen G. Weaver, Colorado College,

Department of Geology; Andrew Gavin, formerly at The College of Wooster, Department of Geology; Karyn Powers, formerly at The College of Wooster, Department of Geology.

            Publication Date:  2007

            Title:  Open-File Report O-07-17: Preliminary Geologic Map of the Aspen Lake 7.5’ Quadrangle, Klamath County, Oregon

            Publication Information:

                        Publication Place:  Portland, Oregon

                        Publisher: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries

Description:

Abstract:  This data set contains the information used to create the Preliminary Geologic Map of the Aspen Lake 7.5’ Quadrangle for Open-File

Report O-07-17. This map is one of a series of geologic maps created for quadrangles in south-central Oregon in the area of the Cascade Mountains just to the west of Klamath Lake in Jackson and Klamath Counties. The digital raster Graphic (DRG) of the 1985 provisional edition of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5’ Aspen Lake quadrangle provides the base map on top of which have been placed geospatial vector format layers of the geologic units, unit boundaries/contacts, and faults; and point data format layers of the analyzed rock sample collection locations, volcanic centers, and the epicenters of Oregon’s largest recorded inland earthquakes. The geologic units and their boundaries were determined based on a combination of observations from the field and of hand sample, thin-section, and geochemical analyses of 46 samples collected from within the Aspen Lake USGS 7.5’ quadrangle as well as of relevant samples collected from adjacent USGS 7.5’ quadrangles. Although the chemistry data and thin-section observations were used in creating the map, the units are meant to be field-mappable, that is, recognizable by the study of outcrops in the field.

The various layers (geologic units, samples, etc.) of the map were digitized in MapInfo Professional v.7.0 from drawings on paper quadrangles, UTM coordinates, or maps from student research reports. The exception is the earthquakes layers, whose point locations were determined based on latitude and longitude data from the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (2003). Rock samples were collected and analyzed by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) intermittently between 1991 and 2005. Several samples were also dated using K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar dating methods. The major and trace elemental chemistry data and ages are made available in the samples table of this data set.

            Purpose: These data were collected and compiled in order to better understand the local geology and geologic history, to create a field-

mappable geologic map of the U.S. Geological Survey 7.5’ Aspen Lake quadrangle to be published as Open-File Report O-07-17, and to make available the collected chemical and age information that may be useful in various forms of study of this volcanic region. The map is intended for a diverse audience with varying amounts of geologic understanding. This is one of a series of geologic maps of USGS 7.5’ quadrangles in the south-central region of Oregon to be published by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries.

Supplemental Information:  There are several different files and file formats in this data set. The geologic units table, unit boundaries/contacts table,

samples table, faults table, volcanic centers table, and Oregon’s largest earthquakes table were created in MapInfo Professional version 7.0 and the .TAB files can be opened using MapInfo software. These data were later translated to ESRI compatible file formats using the MapInfo Universal Translator extension. These translated files were then arranged and setup to properly display the data when opened in the ESRI ArcMap software.

There is a MapInfo workspace (.WOR) file that opens the georeferenced USGS Aspen Lake 7.5’ quadrangle raster image and the other Aspen Lake quadrangle tables mentioned above (AspenLake.WOR). There is also an ArcMap file (.MXD) which contains the georeferenced USGS Aspen Lake 7.5’ quadrangle and the geologic units, unit boundaries, samples, faults, volcanic centers, and Oregon’s largest earthquakes epicenters location shapefiles and accompanying attribute tables.

Time Period of Content:

            Multiple Dates/Times:

                        Calendar Date:  1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2005, 2007

            Currentness Reference: ground condition except 2007 is publication date

Status:

            Progress:  Complete

                        Maintenance and Update Frequency:  Unknown

Spatial Domain:

            Bounding Coordinates:

                        West Bounding Coordinate:  -122.125

                        East Bounding Coordinate:  -122.00

                        North Bounding Coordinate:  42.375

                        South Bounding Coordinate:  42.25

Keywords:

            Theme:

Theme Keyword Thesaurus:  none

Theme Keyword:  geologic map

                        Theme Keyword:  map of surface geology

                        Theme Keyword:  surface geology

                        Theme Keyword:  volcanoes

                        Theme Keyword:  Oregon volcanoes

Theme Keyword:  volcanic flows

                        Theme Keyword:  lava flows

                        Theme Keyword:  units

                        Theme Keyword:  formations

                        Theme Keyword:  formation boundary

                        Theme Keyword:  contact

Theme Keyword:  samples

Theme Keyword:  rock samples

                        Theme Keyword:  geochemistry

                        Theme Keyword:  chemistry

                        Theme Keyword:  age-dated

                        Theme Keyword:  volcanic center

                        Theme Keyword:  fault

                        Theme Keyword:  geospatial vector format

                        Theme Keyword:  digital raster graphic

                        Theme Keyword:  drg

                        Theme Keyword:  topographic map

                        Theme Keyword:  topographic quadrangle

Theme Keyword:  USGS quadrangle

Theme Keyword:  Open-File Report

Theme Keyword:  Open-File Report 07-17

Theme Keyword:  Oregon’s largest earthquake

Theme Keyword:  Oregon’s largest inland earthquake

Theme Keyword:  1993 Klamath Falls Earthquake       

            Place:

                        Place Keyword Thesaurus:  none

                        Place Keyword:  Oregon

                        Place Keyword:  south-central Oregon

Place Keyword:  Southern Oregon

Place Keyword:  Klamath County

Place Keyword:  Oregon volcanoes

Place Keyword:  Aspen Lake USGS 7.5’ quadrangle

Place Keyword:  Aspen Lake Quadrangle

                        Place Keyword:  Mountain Lakes Wilderness Area

                        Place Keyword:  Upper Klamath Lake Area

                        Place Keyword:  West of Upper Klamath Lake

Place Keyword:  Aspen Lake

                        Place Keyword:  Lake Harriette

                        Place Keyword:  Echo Lake

                        Place Keyword:  Lake Como

                        Place Keyword:  Mountain Lakes Loop Trail

                        Place Keyword:  Buck Peak

                        Place Keyword:  Clover Creek

                        Place Keyword:  Varney Creek

                        Place Keyword:  Moss Creek

                        Place Keyword:  Little Aspen Butte

                        Place Keyword:  Aspen Butte

                        Place Keyword:  Mount Harriman

                        Place Keyword:  Mt. Harriman

                        Place Keyword:  Mount Carmine

                        Place Keyword:  Mt. Carmine

Place Keyword:  Cascades

                        Place Keyword:  Cascade Mountains

                        Place Keyword:  High Cascade volcanoes

                        Place Keyword:  Upper Klamath Basin

            Stratum:           

                        Stratum Keyword Thesaurus: none

                        Stratum Keyword:  surface

                        Stratum Keyword:  surface geology

                        Stratum Keyword:  surficial

                        Stratum Keyword:  surficial formations

                        Stratum Keyword:  surface formations

                        Stratum Keyword:  upper strata

                        Stratum Keyword:  surface strata

                        Stratum Keyword:  volcanic strata

                        Stratum Keyword:  volcanic

                        Stratum Keyword:  surficial volcanic deposits

                        Stratum Keyword:  lava flows

                        Stratum Keyword:  surficial lava flow

                        Stratum Keyword:  Quaternary sediments

            Temporal:

                        Temporal Keyword Thesaurus:  none

                        Temporal Keyword:  1.6 Ma

                        Temporal Keyword:  1.6 million years

                        Temporal Keyword:  present

                        Temporal Keyword:  1.6 million years to the present

Temporal Keyword:  late Cenozoic

                        Temporal Keyword:  upper Cenozoic

                        Temporal Keyword:  Quaternary

                        Temporal Keyword:  1.8 Ma

                        Temporal Keyword:  1.8 million years

                        Temporal Keyword:  Less than 1.8 million years

                        Temporal Keyword:  1.8 million years ago to the present

                        Temporal Keyword:  Pleistocene to Holocene

                        Temporal Keyword:  Lower Pleistocene to Holocene

Temporal Keyword:  Early Pleistocene to Holocene

                        Temporal Keyword:  Pleistocene

                        Temporal Keyword:  Holocene

Access Constraints:  none

Use Constraints:  Acknowledgement of the authors and the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries would be appreciated in products derived

from these data.

Point of Contact:

            Contact Person Primary:  Stanley A. Mertzman

            Contact Address:

                        Address Type:  mailing and physical address

                        Address:  Stanley A. Mertzman, Franklin and Marshall College,

Department of Earth and Environment, PO Box 3003

City:  Lancaster

State or Province:  Pennsylvania

Postal Code:  17604

            Contact Voice Telephone:  1-717-291-3818

            Contact Electronic Mail Address:  stan.mertzman@fandm.edu

            Contact Instructions:  contact via electronic mail is preferred

Browse Graphic:

            Browse Graphic File Name:  AspenLakeMap30x36.pdf

            Browse Graphic File Description:  The AspenLakeMap30x36.pdf file contains the Preliminary Geologic Map of the Aspen Lake 7.5’ Quadrangle of

Open-File Report O-07-17. This map was made from the data provided in this data set. The basic image in this map (the 1985 USGS Aspen Lake 7.5’ quadrangle overlain by the formations, formation boundaries/contacts, sample symbols, earthquake epicenters locations, and the faults) was created in MapInfo Professional version 7.0 using the data available in this data set (AspenLakeQuadforTransparent.TAB, AspenLakeUnits.TAB, AspenLakeUnitBounds.TAB, AspenLakeFaults.TAB, and AspenLakesSamples.TAB). This image was exported from MapInfo Professional v. 7.0 as a Photoshop Document (.PSD) at a zoom of 1 inch = 1.4 miles, a window size of 7.99 miles (in the export options, the actual window size was doubled from 5.72 inches to 11.44 inches), and with a resolution of 600 pixels per inch.  The colors of the resulting .PSD file were adjusted in Adobe Photoshop CS3 to match USGS CMYK color standards. The image was then opened in Adobe Illustrator CS3 where its size was increased by 184.7999% to make the map scale 1:24,000. The sample’s map numbers, the formation labels, and the rest of what is seen on the map, such as the time rock chart and the legend, were added to the map in Adobe Illustrator CS3. Also, different, larger epicenter symbols were overlain on the original epicenter symbols present in the .PSD image. The resulting 30 inch x 36 inch Adobe Illustrator image was saved as a Portable Document Format (.PDF) file and the result is the image of the geologic map seen in the file AspenLakeMap30x36.pdf.

            Browse Graphic File Type:  PDF

Native Data Set Environment:  The majority of the data files in the data set used to make the Preliminary Geologic Map of the Aspen Lake 7.5’ Quadrangle of

Open-File Report 07-17 were originally created using MapInfo Professional software version 7.0 running under a Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional operating system. The data that were digitized in this environment were the geologic formations, the formations boundaries, the sample locations, and the volcanic centers layers. The faults and the earthquake epicenters layers were created using MapInfo Professional software version 7.0 running under a Microsoft Windows XP Professional version 2002 Service Pack 2 operating system. The USGS 7.5’ Aspen Lake quadrangle digital raster graphic (drg) was obtained from an external source and was produced in a different environment. However, in order to make a version of this USGS quadrangle drg that would make its white and green areas transparent (so that the map could overlay the formations layer and the formations could show through) the digital USGS quadrangle drg was modified from the state in which it was originally obtained. This modification was done using Adobe Photoshop version 5 and the resulting image of the quadrangle was manually georeferenced in MapInfo Professional version 7.0. The data were at times accessed and modified in MapInfo Professional version 7.0 running under a Microsoft XP operating system. The data from the Aspen Lake quadrangle samples table have been exported from MapInfo Professional version 7.0 at least one time and opened in Microsoft Excel for addition or modification of certain attributes, particularly chemistry data. The Microsoft Excel file was then reopened in MapInfo Professional version 7.0. The files of this data set have been saved and backed-up on various hard drives at various times. The most up-to-date MapInfo Professional formatted files (DAT, ID, MAP, PSD, TAB, TFW, TIF, and WOR) have a total size of 77.6 MB.

After the data set had been produced in MapInfo Professional version 7.0, the files were converted using MapInfo’s Universal Translator extension to produce files that could be opened with ESRI ArcMap software version 9.2. This was done by converting the MapInfo TAB files into ESRI SHP format files. The USGS quadrangle drg was reopened and georeferenced anew within ESRI ArcMap. Further modification of the data files occurred within ESRI ArcMap, such as adjustment of attribute names in the attribute table, adjustment of symbol shapes and colors, and setting of the formation regions’ colors to make these features similar to how they appear in the MapInfo Files and on the Open-File Report geologic maps. The ESRI-formatted files (MXD, DBF, PRJ, SBN, SBX, SHP, SHX, AUX, RRD, TFW, TIF, TFWX, and XML) have a total size of 171 MB.

 

 

Data Quality Information

Attribute Accuracy:

Attribute Accuracy Report:  The attribute accuracy was tested in several ways. For sample, unit boundary, and volcanic center location attributes

(UTM coordinates), accuracy was assessed by comparison of on-screen representations of the location (digital maps on the computer screen) to hard copy versions (hand drawn or similarly-demarcated locations and boundaries on top of paper USGS quadrangles). On several occasions, the digitized versions of the Aspen Lake 7.5’ quadrangle were printed out on paper with the symbol locations and formation boundaries demarcated. The print-out was then assessed by the chief geologist of the project, Stanley A. Mertzman.

The UTM coordinates of the samples provided in the attribute table have a precision that does not reflect that with which their locations on the map were determined. The precision reflects the values that were assigned using MapInfo Professional version 7.0’s Coordinate Extractor extension after manual placement (digitization) of the sample locations on the drg of the USGS 7.5’ Aspen Lake quadrangle based on comparison with the original paper quadrangles on which locations were drawn, or in some cases, based on previously-rounded (to the nearest 10 m) UTM coordinates for samples not shown on the original paper map(s). The accuracy of the locations drawn on the original paper maps may vary. Prior to the year 2000, sampling locations were originally determined by use of a Brunton compass in the field and these data were later translated to the 1:24,000 USGS 7.5’ quadrangles using plastic overlay cards marked with 1:24000 scale UTM coordinate grids or tick marks at relevant, repeated intervals. After the year 2000, Magellan GPS units were used in the field to determine a sample’s collection location, and again these coordinates were placed on the 1:24,000 scale USGS quadrangles using the appropriate plastic overlay card with UTM units.

The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) attributes (¼ of ¼ Section, ¼ Section, Section, Township, and Range) in the Aspen Lake samples table were created in a manner so as to be as accurate as possible, but have not been tested for accuracy beyond the checks that occurred during their production. The Township and Range attribute values were assigned by selection of all samples that occurred within either manually created or downloaded polygons of the Township and Range boundaries. Samples near a Township or Range grid line were more carefully studied on the screen to check that the sample really did lie within the supposed Township. The Section attribute was assigned based on a sample’s location in relation to the PLSS section grid as represented on the drg of the Aspen Lake quadrangle in MapInfo (the sections are the small quadrangles demarcated by dashed red lines with the section numbers in their middles (where possible)).

The ¼ of ¼ Section and ¼ Section attributes were assigned for each sample based on downloaded grids which displayed the boundaries of the ¼ of ¼ Sections and ¼ Sections of Townships. Because the Section and Township boundaries did not always line up perfectly with those of the underlying quadrangle DRG, at times attributes of samples close to lines in this grid had to be assigned based on mental adjustments or at times, the use of a ruler held up to the screen, by a technician. For this reason, the accuracy of the ¼ of ¼ Section and ¼ Section attributes may be questionable in some cases, particularly in those samples which lie close to the boundaries which demarcate these location descriptors.

The accuracy of a sample’s Unit attribute was tested by a visual check of the sample’s location in relation to the unit boundaries as displayed in MapInfo Professional version 7.0 and by analysis of the chemical data.

The accuracy of the chemical data is dependent on many factors not discussed here. The samples were analyzed by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) at various times and possibly by different machines. All that will be said is that the accuracy of the XRF chemical data is monitored and assessed during the measurement procedure by using an instrument monitor (to account for local climate and machine conditions on the day of measurement), by running several well-measured standards in every batch, and by analyzing the totals counts. That the chemical attributes of each sample in the data table match the originally assigned data from the XRF instrument was tested by the comparison of the sample chemistry table to the original Excel data files that contained the chemistry information provided by the XRF spectrometer. All of the chemical data were derived from these original Excel files, except for those of several of the age-dated samples, which may have values copied from a previous publication by Stanley A. Mertzman (2000). That the chemistry of the dated samples was correctly copied into the data table was checked by comparison of the digital data to the data printed in the publication.

The colors of the units are consistent between adjacent quadrangles mapped in this project and were created as the RGB (only color mode allowed in MapInfo Professional version 7.0) equivalents of standard USGS CMYK colors.

The locations of the epicenters of Oregon’s two largest-recorded, inland earthquakes are based on coordinates from the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network. These location data have not by tested as a part of this project, but they have been assessed by the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (consult http://www.ess.washington.edu/SEIS/PNSN/HIST_CAT/catalog.html and http://www.pnsn.org/INFO_GENERAL/basic.html ).

Logical Consistency Report: The boundaries of the Aspen Lake unit polygons within the units table (AspenLakeUnits) have been checked for self-

intersections, overlaps, and gaps using MapInfo Professional version 7.0 and no such problems were detected. The edges of unit polygons have also been checked against those mapped in adjacent USGS 7.5’ quadrangles as part of this project, but available in other data sets (Pelican Bay to the north, Lake of the Woods South to the west, and Spencer Creek to the south). All of the boundaries were found to fit and all of the points at the quadrangle corners were found to align perfectly (including those of units in Lake of the Woods North quadrangle to the northwest and Surveyor Mountain quadrangle to the southwest). The unit boundaries polylines (from the file AspenLakeUnitBounds) were drawn in a separate layer on top of the formations layer using the trace function that is available in the MapInfo Professional version 7.0 software.

There are three pairs of samples with duplicate coordinates in the Aspen Lake samples data table (AspenLakeSamples) due to the collection of more than one sample from the same location or possibly from multiple XRF analyses of different parts of the same sample.

Completeness Report:  All field-mappable units and unit boundaries in the USGS 7.5’ Aspen Lake quadrangle have been mapped. At least one sample (not

necessarily within the USGS Aspen Lake 7.5’ quadrangle) from each unit present in the quadrangle, except Qal, Qs, and Qg, has been age-dated. All known faults and volcanic centers within the Aspen Lake quadrangle have been mapped and the layers containing these features have been included in this data set. The epicenters of the two largest-recorded, inland-Oregon earthquakes, the so-called Klamath Falls Earthquakes of September 20, 1993 (local time), have been mapped and date, time, location, depth, magnitude and other attributes are available in the AspenLakeQuakes file. All samples known to have been collected within this quadrangle and analyzed by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) by Professor Stanley A. Mertzman, his colleagues, and students have been mapped. All chemistry results from the XRF analyses have been included in the attribute table of the samples data file (AspenLakeSamples). All map numbers, sample numbers, ages (applicable only to dated samples) in millions of years (Ma), Public Land Survey System (PLSS: ¼ of ¼ Section, ¼ Section, Section, Township, and Range according to the Willamette meridian and base line), UTM coordinates (North American Datum of 1927: Zone 10), unit membership, and lithology (based on the total alkalis versus silica (TAS) classification method for volcanic rocks described by Le Maitre (2002)) have been included in the attribute table of the samples data file. The unit’s symbol, name, geologic time scale age, and radiometrically-determined age(s) are the attributes of the Aspen Lake units table (AspenLakeUnits).

Positional Accuracy: 

            Horizontal Positional Accuracy:

                        Horizontal Positional Accuracy Report:  The horizontal positional accuracy of the digitized data with regard to the original paper maps has

been checked by visual comparison of the digitized sample locations, formation boundaries, and volcanic centers to the original paper maps when possible. The positional accuracy of the original sample locations on the original paper maps may vary depending on the location-determining methods used as discussed above (Brunton compass or Magellan GPS after the year 2000). The positions of the unit boundaries are approximate and their accuracy has not necessarily been field tested. Analysis of the collected samples (chemistry, hand-sample, and thin sections) and familiarity with the area from lots of time spent in the field by experienced geologists ought to ensure reasonable accuracy of the mapped unit boundaries, although this is not quantifiable. The locations of the faults covered by Quaternary sediments were inferred and their positional accuracy has not been tested.

The locations of the two largest-recorded, inland-Oregon earthquakes are based on data from the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network and

their positional accuracy has not been assessed by anyone working with Stanley A. Mertzman on this mapping project. The Pacific Seismic

Network, however, does rate the quality of the epicenter positional data (http://www.ess.washington.edu/SEIS/PNSN/HIST_CAT/

catalog.html ).

Lineage:

Source Information:

            Source Citation:

                        Originator:  U.S. Geological Survey

                        Publication Date:  1985

                        Title:  Aspen Lake Quadrangle: OregonKlamath County: 7.5 Minute Series (Topographic)

                        Edition:  Provisional Edition 1985

Geospatial Data Presentation Form:  map and raster digital data (digital raster graphic (drg)) of map

Series Information:

Series Name:  U.S. Geological Survey 7.5 Minute Series Topographic Quadrangles

Series Issue:  Aspen Lake, Oreg.: Provisional Edition 1985: 42122-C1-TF-024

Publication Information:

Publication Place:  Denver, CO or Reston, VA

Publisher:  U.S. Geological Survey

Other Citation Details:  A drg of this map can be downloaded from the University of Oregon Libraries website.

Online Linkage:  UO Libraries website: http://libweb.uoregon.edu/dc/24k_lookup/displaymap.php?ohio_code=42122c1

                        Source Scale Denominator:  24,000

                        Type of Source Media:  Paper and Online

                        Source Time Period of Content:

                                    Time Period Information:

Multiple Dates/Times:

                                                            Calendar Dates:  1980, 1982, 1985

                                    Source Currentness Reference:  1980 corresponds to the year in which aerial photographs were taken, the map was field checked in

1982, and the map was edited and published in 1985. The year of production of the particular drg used in the data set is not currently known.

                                    Source Citation Abbreviation:  42122c1

                                    Source Contribution:  The USGS Aspen Lake 7.5 minute paper quadrangle was used as the base map on which the geology of the

quadrangle was mapped by Stanley A. Mertzman, his colleagues, and students (the exact version of the map(s) used as base maps is not currently known). A downloaded drg of the Aspen Lake 7.5 minute quadrangle was used as the base map for this data set onto which the sample locations, units, and volcanic centers were copied (digitized) from a paper version (or versions) of the map(s) produced by the geologists involved in this project. It is also possible that the sample collection locations came from UTM coordinates provided in a report by one of the geologists. The faults’ locations were inferred and they were created in MapInfo on top of the Aspen Lake 7.5’ quadrangle drg without copying from a paper version of the quadrangle.

The locations of the earthquake epicenters were not copied from a paper version of the Aspen Lake quadrangle and were created based on latitude and longitude coordinates provided by the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network.

            Process Step:

                        Process Description:  The first step in the production of this data set was the collection of rock samples and observations from the field. The

samples’ chemistries were determined by x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The hand samples were carefully analyzed and described. Thin sections of the rocks allowed further description of certain samples.

A sample’s collection location was determined in the field using a Brunton compass prior to 2000, and with a Magellan GPS unit after 2000. The sample locations were marked on paper versions of the USGS 7.5’ Aspen Lake quadrangle. These locations were digitized using a georeferenced (to the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27) zone 10 horizontal datum) drg of the quadrangle in MapInfo Professional version 7.0 by placing a point (node) in a layer above the drg at the location identical to the sample’s location on the paper map. If a sample was not present on a map, but the UTM coordinates of its collection location were known, these were used to plot the sample’s collection location in MapInfo. This process was the first step in the production of the Aspen Lake samples table (AspenLakeSamples); it produced point data from which the UTM coordinates, if not already known, could be extracted to the attribute table.

The AspenLakeSamples attribute table was exported at least one time to Microsoft Excel, where other sample attributes were added and or modified (such as lithology and chemistry data). These Excel spreadsheets were then imported back into MapInfo Professional version 7.0 and the previously extracted UTM coordinates were used to re-plot the sample locations over the 7.5’ quadrangle drg. The drg of the quadrangle was also used in assigning some of the Township, Range, and Section attributes to the samples. Downloaded PLSS grids also aided in assigning these and other PLSS attributes (¼ of ¼ section, ¼ section) to the samples table.

The combination of the analyses of collected samples and a familiarity with the area from a lot of time spent in the field allowed Stanley A. Mertzman to discriminate between and determine the units present within the Aspen Lake 7.5’ quadrangle and to draw the approximate locations of their boundaries on the paper USGS 7.5’ topographic maps. These boundaries were then digitized in the same manner as sample locations, by copying their locations from on the paper map to a MapInfo layer on top of a drg of the same map (USGS 7.5’ Aspen Lake quadrangle/ 42122c1). This was done using the polygon tool in MapInfo Professional version 7.0. The boundary of the unit on the map (contact) was digitized as the boundary of the polygon in MapInfo. The unit polygons were colored based on RGB equivalents of standard USGS CMYK colors. The unit ages, names, and symbols (abbreviated names) were added to the attribute table at a later stage of the process. It was decided that a separate layer (file) should be made for the unit boundaries (contacts) within the quadrangle because the edges of the unit polygons did not necessarily correspond to the actual unit boundaries. The edges of the unit polygons were limited by the quadrangle boundaries, so although many units extend beyond the boundaries of the Aspen Lake USGS 7.5’ quadrangle, the polygons for this data set were limited to the area of the quadrangle.

In order to make a layer (AspenLakeUnitBounds) that corresponded to the actual unit boundaries (ground-surface contacts between two rock units), the true unit boundaries (not those cut off at the quadrangle’s edges) were made by tracing (using MapInfo’s trace function) all of the unit polygons’ edges, except those that corresponded with the 4 sides of the quadrangle. This process created the polylines that now represent the unit boundaries/contacts in this data set.

The volcanic centers’ locations were originally determined from field observations and sample analyses. Their locations were

marked on a paper version of the quadrangle with temporary stickers and then digitized by copying the location to the identical spot on the drg of the quadrangle. The UTM coordinates of these locations have been extracted into the volcanic centers attribute table using MapInfo’s Coordinate Extractor tool.

The fault’s location and shape were inferred based on the local topography and geology combined with the estimated continuation of a fault present on the Spencer Creek USGS 7.5’ quadrangle to the South of the Aspen Lake 7.5’ quadrangle.

The epicenters of Oregon’s largest-recorded, inland earthquakes on September 20, 1993 (local time) were digitized in MapInfo using the longitude and latitude coordinates provided by the Pacific

Northwest Seismic Network. Other attributes were added into this MapInfo earthquake table (AspenLakeQuakes) based on data also from the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network. The table was originally projected in the Latitude / Longitude (WGS 84) projection and was later converted in MapInfo to the UTM zone 10: NAD 27 for US projection system. Once the AspenLakeQuakes layer was projected in the UTM zone 10: NAD 27 for US projection system, the UTM coordinates of the epicenters were extracted and added to the attribute table using MapInfo’s Coordinate Extractor tool.

                                    After the creation of final forms of all of the necessary files in MapInfo, the MapInfo Universal Translator Extension was used to

convert the MapInfo-formatted data set to ESRI-format files. This involved converting the mapinfo TAB files of the unit polygons, unit boundaries polylines, sample points, fault polylines, volcanic center points, and earthquake epicenter points to shapefiles (SHPs). These files were opened and adjusted in ESRI ArcMap version 9.2.

                                    The digital versions of the sample collection locations; units and unit boundaries; and the volcanic centers locations were checked

by visual comparison of the digital data on the computer screen (in MapInfo) or on printed copies to the original source paper maps and final printed or digital (PDF) versions of the resulting maps were assessed by the chief geologist of this project, Stanley A. Mertzman.

                        Source Used Citation Abbreviation:  42122c1

                        Process Date: 2007

                        Process Contact:

                                    Contact Information:

                                                Contact Person Primary:

Contact Person:  Isaac Weaver

                                                Contact Position:  Research Assistant

                                                Contact Address:

                                                            Address Type:  mailing and physical address

                                                            Address:  Isaac Weaver, Franklin and Marshall College, Department of Earth and Environment, PO Box 3003

City:  Lancaster

State or Province:  Pennsylvania

Postal Code:  17604

                                                Contact Voice Telephone:  Unavailable

                                                Contact Electronic Mail Address: 

isaacweaver@hotmail.com                                                       

 

Spatial Data Organization Information

Indirect Spatial Reference:  This data set contains files with point data locations at which rock samples were collected from outcrops, polygons of the geologic

units, polylines of the unit boundaries (contacts), polylines of faults, point data volcanic center locations, and point data earthquake epicenter locations (Oregon’s two largest-recorded, inland earthquakes) for the U.S. Geological Survey 7.5 minute Aspen Lake quadrangle.

Direct Spatial Reference Method:  Point, Vector, and Raster

 

 

Spatial Reference Information

Horizontal Coordinate System Definition: 

            Planar:

                        Grid Coordinate System:

                                    Grid Coordinate System Name: Universal Transverse Mercator

                                    Universal Transverse Mercator:

                                                UTM Zone Number: 10

                                                Transverse Mercator:

                                                            Scale Factor at Central Meridian:  0.999600

                                                            Longitude of Central Meridian:  -123.000000

                                                            Latitude of Projection Origin:  0.000000

                                                            False Easting:  500000.000000

                                                            False Northing:  0.000000

            Planar Coordinate Information:

                        Planar Coordinate Encoding Method:  coordinate pair

                        Coordinate Representaion:

                                    Abscissa Resolution:  0.01

                                    Ordinate Resolution:  0.01

                        Planar Distance Units: meters

Geodetic Model:

            Horizontal Datum Name:  North American Datum of 1927

            Ellipsoid Name:  Clarke 1866

            Semi-major Axis:  6378206.4

            Denominator of Flattening Ratio: 294.9787

           

 

Entity and Attribute Information

Detailed Description:

            Entity Type:

                        Entity Type Label:  Unit

Entity Type Definition:  A rock unit (or just unit), with regard to this data set, is a body of rock with a limited range of lithological

characteristics (as determined by analyses of outcrops and samples in the field and in the laboratory) that can be distinguished from other bodies of rocks by observations made in the field (such as analysis of outcrops or hand-samples collected from them). That is to say, a unit is field-mappable according to the definition used in the creation of this data set. Nevertheless, the chemistry data and other observations not possible in the field were still considered in determining and discriminating the units. In the Aspen Lake quadrangle, a unit may represent one or more volcanic flows, vent deposits, an exposed plutonic body of rock, quaternary alluvium and/or colluvium, or quaternary lacustrine deposits. A unit has an age (or age-range), which has been determined by radiometric dating of collected samples (except for Quaternary sediments). It should be noted that the vent deposit units (Qbv) may all display similar macroscopic lithologies, but are perhaps best described as sub-units of the units in which they are found. Therefore, samples collected from these deposits are considered a part of the unit in which the vent deposits are found. An intrusive mass of rock (diorite: Qid) is also present within the Aspen Lake quadrangle; this should also be considered a sub-unit of the unit in which it is found (Qbaa). The two samples collected from the Qid are considered to be members of the Qbaa unit.

Detailed descriptions of the units found within the Aspen Lake quadrangle are found in the Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007). In this data set, the units are colored polygons with edges placed at the approximate locations of the contacts, except when limited by the quadrangle boundaries.

                        Entity Type Definition Source: See Mertzman et al. (2007) for detailed descriptions of the units found within the Aspen Lake quadrangle.

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Symbol

Attribute Definition:  The symbol is a form of shorthand text, specific to a unit, that is created by combining age and lithology information with

an abbreviated form of the unit’s name. The symbol attribute is meant to be displayed on the final geologic map to save space while identifying the unit, or it can be displayed when viewing the data on a computer. It is intended that the symbol convey age, lithology, and unit name information. The first letter is capitalized and represents the period-age of the formation (T=Tertiary and Q=Quaternary). If the first letter of the symbol is a capital T, then the second letter represents the epoch-age of the formation (p=Pliocene and m=Miocene). It should be noted that these first two letters only represent the oldest dated age of the formation. Therefore, a unit’s age may span from period to period or epoch to epoch, but this cannot be discerned from the symbol. The remaining letters in the symbol indicate the lithology of the formation and its name. The lithology (b=basalt, ba= basaltic andesite, and a=andesite, for volcanic units) comes first after the age information in the abbreviation of the unit’s name, which is usually based on an outstanding geographic or topographic feature present in the area of the unit. The vent deposits, the intrusive body of rock, and the Quaternary sedimentary units do not follow this pattern, are treated more generally, and only have the age information followed by a general lithology abbreviation because these units (sub-units) do not have specific names based on a geographic feature.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  None        

                        Attribute Domain Values: 

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qal

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Alluvium (Holocene).

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007). 

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qg 

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Undifferentiated colluvium and alluvium (Holocene and Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007). 

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qs

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Lacustrine deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbv

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basaltic to basaltic andesite vent deposits (Pleistocene). This unit should be considered

a sub-unit of the unit in which it is found. Qbv is present in several different units. The Qbv found in one unit may appear very similar to the Qbv in another unit in terms of macroscopic lithological properties, but they differ chemically and/or in the lithologies of their more slowly cooled equivalents (the lava that flowed from the vent and solidified as the

surrounding unit).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).    

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbrl

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basalt of Round Lake (Middle Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007). 

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbdc

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basalt of Denny Creek (Lower to Middle Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007). 

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbaa 

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basaltic Andesite of Aspen Butte (Lower to Middle Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbah

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basaltic Andesite of High Knob (Lower Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).  

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbac

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basaltic Andesite of Clover Butte (Lower Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbbp

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basalt of Buck Peak (Lower Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).  

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qamh

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Andesite of Mount Harriman (Lower Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qawp

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Andesite of Whiteface Peak (Lower to Middle Pleistocene)

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qid

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Diorite conduit-forming intrusive rocks of the Aspen Butte composite volcano (Middle

Pleistocene)

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al. 2007).

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Name

Attribute Definition:  The Name attribute represents the name of the unit of which the entity is a part. The name combines information on the

lithology of the unit with a geographic feature located within or near the unit’s boundary, such as a mountain or a body of water.

Detailed descriptions of the units found within the Aspen Lake USGS 7.5’ quadrangle are available in Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)          

                        Attribute Domain Values: 

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Alluvium 

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Unconsolidated sediment found in close  proximity to modern drainages. Holocene

in age.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Undifferentiated colluvium and alluvium

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Unconsolidated sediment whose origin is related to glacial activity. Holocene and

Pleistocene in age.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Lacustrine deposits   

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Unconsolidated sediment found in association with the Aspen Lake enclosed

basin that is for most or all of the year (depending on spring melt of the previous winter’s snow) a large hay

field in which numerous cattle graze at one time or another. Holocene and Pleistocene in age.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Basaltic to basaltic andesite vent deposits

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Poorly lithified to unconsolidated lapilli to ash-sized cinders black to brown to red in color with lesser amounts of similarly colored lava spatter, bombs, and scoria. These deposits mark volcanic vents areas that are often cinder cones. Pleistocene in age.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Basalt of Round Lake 

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this

            unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Basalt of Denny Creek   

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Basaltic Andesite of Aspen Butte

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Basaltic Andesite of High Knob

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Basaltic Andesite of Clover Butte       

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Basalt of Buck Peak

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Andesite of Mount Harriman

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Andesite of Whiteface Peak    

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Diorite conduit-forming intrusive rocks of the Aspen Butte composite volcano

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-17 (Mertzman et al., 2007). 

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Age_Geologic_Time_Scale

Attribute Definition:  The Age_Geologic_Time_Scale represents the age of a unit in terms of the “Stage Age” (convention not completely

followed, only Lower, Middle, and Upper are used as classes in this naming category) and “Series Epoch” classifiers of the 2007 International Stratigraphic Chart (International Commission on Stratigraphy, 2007) as defined by dates calculated by Gradstein et al. (2004). The attribute value was determined by a comparison of a unit’s dated age(s) to the stratigraphic age boundaries in the 2007 International Stratigraphic Chart (International Commission on Stratigraphy, 2007). A range of geologic time scale ages may be provided for a unit due to a range of ages calculated for one or more samples therein by K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar dating methods. This attribute provides a low resolution representation of the age of a unit.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007), International Convention on Stratigraphy (2007), and Gradstein et al. (2004)

                        Attribute Domain Values: 

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Holocene 

Enumerated Domain Value Definition: < 0.0115 Million years ago (Ma) 

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Gradstein et al. (2004), International Convention on Stratigraphy (2007), and

Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Middle Pleistocene

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  0.781 - 0.126 million years ago (Ma)  

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Gradstein et al. (2004), International Convention on Stratigraphy (2007), and

Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Lower Pleistocene

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  1.806 - 0.781 million years ago (Ma)

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Gradstein et al. (2004), International Convention on Stratigraphy (2007), and

Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Pleistocene

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition: 1.806 – 0.0115 Million years ago (Ma)

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Gradstein et al. (2004), International Convention on Stratigraphy (2007), and

Mertzman et al. (2007)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Age_Ma

Attribute Definition:  The Age_Ma attribute describes the absolute age or age-range of a unit in millions of years as determined by the dating of

collected rock samples with K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar methods. The values are presented with the calculated ages and their error ranges. All units have been age-dated using either of the two aforementioned radiometric dating methods, except for the Qal (Alluvium), Qg (Undifferentiated colluvium and alluvium), and Qs (Lacustrine deposits). The Range domain described below pertains to the radiometrically dated samples. The value for the Qg and Qs units is “unknown Quaternary (<1.806 Ma).” The value for the Qal unit is “unknown Holocene (<0.0115 Ma).” The Qbv and Qid units (sub-unit) are tentatively given the age of the units of which they are considered part since the age dated samples did not come from these areas, except for in the Qbv of the Qbac unit, where a dated-sample was collected.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

                        Attribute Domain Values: 

                                    Range Domain:

Range Domain Minimum:  <0.0115 Ma

Range Domain Maximum:  1.55 +/- 0.04 Ma

Attribute Units of Measure:  Millions of years (Ma)

Detailed Description:

            Entity Type:

                        Entity Type Label: Unit Boundary

                        Entity Type Definition:  A unit boundary is the same as a contact. It is the ground-surface (or its trace on the surface, if buried/concealed)

boundary between two rock units. In this data set, the unit boundaries are polylines traced on the unit polygon boundaries (except on

the boundaries that corresponded with the edges of the quadrangle and were not the true unit boundary). The contacts have been approximately located. The unit boundary entities contain no attribute information.

                        Entity Type Definition Source: None

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  AspenLakeUnitBounds

                        Attribute Definition:  This attribute contains no information and was created by MapInfo Professional version 7.0 when the polylines were

created with that program (although it originally had a slightly different name which has since been changed). Each row in this attribute column corresponds to a polyline within the data set, not necessarily the complete length of a unit’s boundary present on the map.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  None

Detailed Description:

Entity Type: 

                        Entity Type Label:  Sample

                        Entity Type Definition:  A sample, with regard to this data set, is a field-collected rock specimen from an in situ outcrop (lava flows, vent

deposits, or an igneous intrusion) located within the boundaries of the Aspen Lake USGS 7.5’ quadrangle (42122c1). The goal was to collect a representative suite of samples for each unit. A sample may have been apportioned for the following possible types of analysis: hand-sample analysis with possible use of a hand lens and other tools; chemical analysis by x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (all samples); thin section analysis; age-dating by either K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar methods. Samples can be displayed as point data.

In the AspenLakeSamples file, sample collection locations are indicated with either a black triangle or with a yellow square with a black outline. The black triangles represent samples for which there is available chemistry data in the attributes table. The yellow squares represent samples that have been age-dated by K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar dating methods and also have chemistry data in the data table (attribute table).

                        Entity Type Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

            Attribute: 

                        Attribute Label:  Map_No

                        Attribute Definition: The Map_No is the map number. It was assigned sequentially to all of the samples after they were organized by age,

formation, and silica content. The samples and their data were organized first by the formation, from oldest to youngest formation. Within each formation the data were further organized by placing age-dated samples before samples that were not age-dated. The age-dated samples for each formation were arranged by silica content, from lowest to highest silica content. Then the non-age-dated samples for each formation were arranged by silica content, from lowest to highest. After the data were organized, the map numbers were assigned sequentially down the data table from 1 to 46.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  None

                        Attribute Domain Values: 

                                    Range Domain:

Range Domain Minimum:  1

Range Domain Maximum:  46

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Sample_No

Attribute Definition:  The Sample_No is the combination of numbers and possibly letters that was assigned to a sample when it was collected in

the field, or shortly thereafter. The letters, if present indicate the initials of the person who collected the sample and the first two numbers represent the last two digits of the year in which the sample was collected. After the first two numbers is a dash followed by a unique number that indicates a sample’s place in the order of collection for a particular year.

Attribute Definition Source:  None

                        Attribute Domain Values:

 Unpresentable Domain: The values of this attribute were created systematically, but they are not all numerical and there is no very easy

way to describe the domain of these values without creating a sizeable list of the actual values. It is best to understand how the Sample_No attribute was assigned as discussed in the Attribute Definition above.

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  KAr_Age_Ma

                        Attribute Definition:  The KAr_Age_Ma is a sample’s absolute age in millions of years as determined by K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar dating methods.

Not all samples collected in the Aspen Lake quadrangle have been age-dated. Also provided is the error range of the dated age of a sample.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  Consult Mertzman et al. (2007)

                        Attribute Domain Values:  

                                    Range Domain:

Range Domain Minimum:  0.47 +/- 0.04

Range Domain Maximum:  1.36 +/- 0.04

Attribute Units of Measure:  Millions of years (Ma)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Qtr_of_Qtr

                        Attribute Definition:  The Qtr_of_Qtr attribute is the quarter-quarter section classifier of the Public Land Survey System (PLSS). This attribute

describes in what quarter (NW, NE, SE, SW) of a quarter section of a township a sample was collected. All Township descriptors are according to the grid defined by the Willamette Meridian and Willamette Base Line of the PLSS.

Attribute Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html and

http://www.blm.gov/or/landrecords/legaldescrip.php

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  NW

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The northwest quarter of a quarter section of a township.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  NE

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The northeast quarter of a quarter section of a township.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  SE

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The southeast quarter of a quarter section of a township.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  SW

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The southwest quarter of a quarter section of a township.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Qtr_of_Sec

                        Attribute Definition:  The Qtr_of_Sec attribute is the quarter section classifier of the (PLSS). This attribute describes in what quarter section

(NW, NE, SE, SW) of a township a sample was collected. All Township descriptors are according to the grid defined by the Willamette Meridian and Willamette Base Line of the PLSS.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html and

http://www.blm.gov/or/landrecords/legaldescrip.php

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  NW

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The northwest quarter section of a township.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  NE

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The northeast quarter section of a township.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html    

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  SE

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The southeast quarter section of a township.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  SW

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The southwest quarter section of a township.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Sec

                        Attribute Definition:  The Sec is the Section of the Township according to the PLSS grid in which the sample was collected. The Section is “a

one-square-mile block of land, containing 640 acres, or approximately one thirty-sixth of a township. Due to the curvature of the Earth, sections may occasionally be slightly smaller than one square mile.” All Township descriptors are according to the grid defined by the Willamette Meridian and Willamette Base Line of the PLSS.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html and

http://www.blm.gov/or/landrecords/legaldescrip.php

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  1

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  35

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  T_S

Attribute Definition:  The T_S (Township_South) is the value of the horizontal row of townships in the PLSS grid (Willamette Meridian and

Willamette Base Line) in which the sample was collected. The “S” (South) descriptor indicates that the township rows that pertain to this data set are south of the Willamette Base Line of the PLSS. When combined with the R_E (Range) attribute value, this information provides the specific ~36 square mile Township in the Willamette Meridian and Base Line defined grid of the PLSS in which the sample was collected. The other more specific PLSS descriptor attributes were described and discussed above.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html and

http://www.blm.gov/or/landrecords/legaldescrip.php

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  37

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  38

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  R_E

                        Attribute Definition:  The R_E (Range_East) is the value of the vertical column of townships in the PLSS grid (Willamette Meridian and

Willamette Base Line) in which the sample was collected. The “E” (East) descriptor indicates that the township columns that pertain to this data set are to the East of the Willamette Meridian. When combined with the T_S attribute value, this information provides the specific ~36 square mile Township in the Willamette Meridian and Base Line defined grid of the PLSS in which the sample was

collected.  The other more specific PLSS descriptor attributes were described above.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html and

http://www.blm.gov/or/landrecords/legaldescrip.php

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  6

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  7

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  UTM_E_m

Attribute Definition:  This is the easting value in meters of a sample’s collection location according to the NAD 1927 UTM Zone 10 projection

system. This value was determined with the MapInfo Professional version 7.0 Coordinate Extractor extension. In cases where the

UTM coordinates were already known, the coordinate extractor extracted these same coordinates.

Attribute Definition Source: Consult http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/factsheets/fs07701.html

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  572,290.55

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  582,179.76

Attribute Units of Measure:  meters

            Attribute:         

Attribute Label:  UTM_N_m

                        Attribute Definition:  This is the northing value in meters of a sample's collection location according to the NAD 1927 UTM Zone 10

projection system. This value was determined with the MapInfo Professional version 7.0 Coordinate Extractor extension. In cases where the UTM coordinates were already known, the coordinate extractor extracted these same coordinates.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  Consult http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/factsheets/fs07701.html

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum: 4,678,106.73

                                                Range Domain Maximum: 4,691,390.37

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: meters

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Unit

Attribute Definition:  This is the unit, indicated by the unit’s symbol, to which a collected rock sample belongs. Samples collected in an area of

Qbv or Qid are grouped with the unit in which the Qbv or Qid is found.

                        Attribute Definition Source: See Mertzman et al. (2007)

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbrl 

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basalt of Round Lake (Middle Pleistocene)  

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)       

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbdc

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basalt of Denny Creek (Lower to Middle Pleistocene)

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbaa   

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basaltic Andesite of Aspen Butte (Lower to Middle Pleistocene)

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbah   

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basaltic Andesite of High Knob (Lower Pleistocene)

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbac

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basaltic Andesite of Clover Butte (Lower Pleistocene)

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbbp   

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basalt of Buck Peak (Lower Pleistocene)

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  Qamh  

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Andesite of Mount Harriman (Lower Pleistocene)

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  Qawp   

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Andesite of Whiteface Peak (Lower to Middle Pleistocene)

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Lith

Attribute Definition:  The Lith attribute is, in most cases, an abbreviation of the lithology of the sample according to the total alkali (Na2O +

K2O (weight%(wt%))) versus silica (SiO2 wt%) classification (TAS classification) for volcanic rocks of Le Maitre (2002). For the non-volcanic, but intrusive diorite samples, diorite (Di) is the lithology. The chemistry of the sample was determined by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Macroscopic characteristics of the various lithologies are not discussed here.

                        Attribute Definition Source: See Mertzman et al. (2007) and Le Maitre (2002)

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  B 

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basalt: a volcanic rock with a silica content of 45-52 wt% and less than 5 wt% total

alkali (Na2O + K2O wt%) content.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) and Le Maitre (2002)

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  BA

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basaltic Andesite:  a volcanic rock with 52-57 wt% silica content and a total alkali

content of less that 5 wt% at 52 wt% SiO2 and less than 5.9 wt% at 57 wt% SiO2. Between 52 and 57 wt% SiO2, the upper total alkali boundary increases linearly from 5 to 5.9 wt%.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007), Le Maitre (2002) and

http://www.geol.lsu.edu/henry/Geology3041/lectures/02IgneousClassify/IUGS-IgneousClassFlowChart.htm.

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  A

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Andesite: a volcanic rock with a silica content of 57-63 wt% and a total alkali content

of less than 5.9 wt% at 57 wt% SiO2 and less than 7 wt% at 63 wt% SiO2. Between 57 and 63 wt% SiO2, the upper total alkali boundary increases linearly from 5.9 wt% to 7 wt%.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007), Le Maitre (2002), and

                                                            http://www.geol.lsu.edu/henry/Geology3041/lectures/02IgneousClassify/IUGS-IgneousClassFlowChart.htm

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value: Di  

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Diorite: with regards to this data set, diorite should be considered as the intrusive/

plutonic, and thus slowly cooled equivalent of basaltic andesite to andesite. In this case, the diorite is the plutonic equivalent to the Basaltic Andesite of Aspen Butte. Because it has  cooled more slowly than a volcanic rock, it has a more granular, phaneritic-matrix texture than volcanic rocks such as the Basaltic Andesite of Aspen Butte(Mertzman et al., 2007).  

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source: See Mertzman et al. (2007), Le Maitre (2002)

Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  SiO2_%

Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of silica (SiO2) in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                            

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  47.82

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  60.70                                                                                             

Attribute Units of Measure:  weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  TiO2_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of titanium (TiO2) in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source: See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                         

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.60

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  1.47

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label: Al2O3_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of aluminum (Al2O3) in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  17.11

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  19.16

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  Fe2O3_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of ferric iron (Fe2O3) in the sample as calculated using results measured by XRF  spectroscopy

and Iron Titration.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7991.xml and http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.61 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  11.62

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  FeO_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of ferrous Iron (FeO) in the sample determined by Iron Titration.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7991.xml and http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.05

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  8.48

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  MnO_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of manganese (MnO) in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.08 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  0.18

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  MgO_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of magnesium (MgO) in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  3.05

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  9.08

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  CaO_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of calcium (CaO) in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  6.31

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  10.87

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  Na2O_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of sodium (Na2O) in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  2.38 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  4.41

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  K2O_% 

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of potassium (K2O) in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.12 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  1.29

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  P2O5_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of phosphorous (P2O5) in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.10 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  0.39

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  LOI_% 

                        Attribute Definition: True Loss on Ignition: the amount of weight lost or gained (weight percent (wt%)) by the sample after heating to between

900ºC and 950ºC for one hour added to a value that accounts for the changes in weight resulting from the oxidation of ferrous iron.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7991.xml and http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum: 0.29 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  2.64

                                                Attribute Units of Measure:  weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Total_% 

                        Attribute Definition:  The total weight percent (wt%) is the sum of the weight percent values for SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, FeO, MnO,

MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5, and LOI.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  99.19

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  100.52

                                                Attribute Units of Measure:  weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Fe2O3T_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The ferric iron content (wt%) measured by XRF spectroscopy. This is not the true amount of ferric iron originally present

in the rock sample because it also accounts for ferrous iron that was oxidized to ferric iron during the preparation for XRF.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7991.xml and http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  5.75

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  11.68

                                                Attribute Units of Measure:  weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Rb_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of rubidium present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  <0.5

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  23.7

                                                Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Sr_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of strontium present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  330

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  1294

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Y_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of yttrium present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  11.3 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  32.6

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Zr_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of zirconium present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  44

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  164

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  V_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of vanadium present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  95

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  221

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Ni_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of nickel present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  21

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  167

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Cr_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of chromium present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  16

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  277

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Nb_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of niobium present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  1.8

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  9.5

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Ga_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of gallium present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  17.3 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  22.3

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Cu_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of copper present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  19                                                                                       

Range Domain Maximum:  126

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Zn_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of zinc present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  44

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  91

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Co_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of cobalt present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  17 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  48

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Ba_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of barium present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  102

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  553

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  La_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of lanthanum present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  4 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  27

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Ce_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of cesium present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  7 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  45

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  U_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of uranium present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  <0.5 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  2.6

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Th_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of thorium present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  <0.5

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  5

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Sc_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of scandium present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  13.7 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  34

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Pb_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of lead present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  <1 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  12

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Yb_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of ytterbium present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.8 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  2.1

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Be_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of beryllium present in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.9 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  1.6

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  DatedOrNot

                        Attribute Definition:  This attribute is only present in the ESRI Shapefile formatted Aspen Lake Samples file (LOTWSSamples_point.shp). This

attribute indicates if a sample was age-dated or not.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  None

                        Attribute Domain Values: 

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  Y   

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The Y stands for “Yes,” meaning that this rock sample has been age-dated by K-Ar or

40Ar/39Ar dating methods.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  None

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  N

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The N stands for “No,” meaning that this rock sample has not been age-dated with

radiometric dating methods.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source: None

Detailed Description:

            Entity Type:

                        Entity Type Label:  Volcanic Center

                        Entity Type Definition:  A volcanic center is a source of volcanic rocks. In other words, it is a location where subterranean magma has erupted

onto the surface. The locations of the some of the volcanic centers in the Aspen Lake quadrangle were determined on the basis of vent deposits. Other observations made in the field helped to locate volcanic centers where there were no vent deposits. In this data set, the volcanic centers are point data displayed as red triangles with a black outline.

                        Entity Type Definition Source: See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a description of the vent deposits.

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  UTM_E_m

Attribute Definition:  This is the easting value in meters of a volcanic center's location according to the NAD 1927 UTM Zone 10 projection

system. This value was determined with the MapInfo Professional version 7.0 Coordinate Extractor tool.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  None

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  572,560.16

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  582,186.85

                                                Attribute Units of Measure:  meters

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  UTM_N_m

Attribute Definition:  This is the easting value in meters of a volcanic center's location according to the NAD 1927 UTM Zone 10 projection

system. This value was determined with the MapInfo Professional version 7.0 Coordinate Extractor tool.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  None

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  4,678,377.8

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  4,691,402.24

                                                Attribute Units of Measure:  meters                  

Detailed Description:

            Entity Type:

                        Entity Type Label:  Fault

                        Entity Type Definition:  A fault is a planar fracture or area of fractured rock where there is relative movement of large bodies of rock. There

are two prominent faults in the Aspen Lake USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle. These faults are normal faults with the relatively down-dropped block (hanging wall) to the east and the relatively up-lifted block (footwall) to the west. The dashed lines with the hatch marks/ tick marks/ bars represent the inferred location of the fault where the fault trace is buried/ concealed. The solid line with hatch marks/ tick marks/ bars represents the approximate location of the fault trace. The hatch marks/ tick marks/ bars are on the down-dropped block

(hanging wall), which is to the east of the fault.

                        Entity Type Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007), http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/fault.html ,

                                    http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/glossary_2.html , http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learning/glossary.php?term=fault%20plane ,

http://www2.nature.nps.gov/geology/usgsnps/deform/ghangft.html , and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault_%28geology%29

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Appr_or_Conc

                        Attribute Definition:  This attribute indicates if the fault trace is present on the earth’s surface or if the fault is buried.

Attribute Definition Source:  None

                        Attribute Domain Values: 

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Approximate 

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  This indicates that the fault trace is present on the earth’s surface and that its

location is a close approximation. This portion of the fault is displayed on the geologic map as a hatch-marked solid line with the bars/hatches on the down-dropped block (hanging wall).

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:   None

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Concealed

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  This indicates that the fault trace is not present on the surface of the earth and that the

fault is concealed. The location of the concealed portion of the fault is approximate and is displayed as a dashed line

with hatch marks that lie on the down-dropped block / hanging wall.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source: None

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Type_of_Fault

                        Attribute Definition:  This attribute indicates the type of fault present.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  None

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Normal

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  A normal fault is a plane at which the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall

(in other words, one body of rock slides down along the fault relative to the other body of rock).

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult

http://eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/~cammon/HTML/Classes/IntroQuakes/Notes/faults.html

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Notes

                        Attribute Definition:  These are notes with important details about the fault.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  None

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Down-dropped block is to the east of the fault.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition: This means what it says. The hanging-wall is the down-dropped body of rock, which is

to the east of the fault (on the side where the tick marks are on the map). The body of rock to the east of the fault is moving down along the fault relative to the body of rock to the west (the footwall).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Please see Mertzman et al. (2007) and

                                                            http://eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/~cammon/HTML/Classes/IntroQuakes/Notes/faults.html

Detailed Description:

            Entity Type:

                        Entity Type Label:  Oregon’s Largest-Recorded, Inland Earthquakes

Entity Type Definition:  The epicenters of Oregon’s two largest-recorded, inland Earthquakes were within the Aspen Lake USGS 7.5’

quadrangle. These two earthquakes were of magnitudes 5.9 and 6.0 occurred on September 20, 1993 (local time) and are often referred to as the Klamath Falls Earthquakes. This table (AspenLakeQuakes) provides the locations of these epicenters and other details concerning these earthquakes. The epicenter is the location of the earthquake to the earth’s surface as extrapolated vertically from its hypocenter (the location at some depth (focal depth) at which the earthquake occurred). Most of the data on these earthquakes come from http://www.ess.washington.edu/SEIS/PNSN/HIST_CAT/catalog.html.

In this data set, the earthquake epicenters appear on the map (in theMapInfo file) as a dark red, solid circle surrounded by two rings of the same color, but increasing in circumference as the distance from the center circle increases.

In the ESRI MXD file, the earthquake epicenters have a symbol that is a black dot surrounded by two black rings, with dark red

between the rings and the dot.

Despite the proximity of the epicenters to a fault on the Aspen Lake USGS 7.5’ quadrangle, the earthquakes actually occurred on a much deeper fault at approximately 10 km depth, perhaps on the fault that intersects the ground surface further to the west in the Lake of the Woods South USGS 7.5’ quadrangle (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                        Entity Type Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) and http://www.ess.washington.edu/SEIS/EQ_Special/pnwtectonics.html

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Date_of_Quake_UTC_yyyy_mm_dd

                        Attribute Definition:  The date (in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)) on which the earthquake occurred. More specifically, this is the date on

which the earthquake initiated its rupture (origin time). This is provided in the format of yyyy/mm/dd (year/month/day format). These values are from http://www.ess.washington.edu/SEIS/PNSN/HIST_CAT/catalog.html.

Attribute Definition Source:  Consult the following for details: http://www.pnsn.org/INFO_GENERAL/basic.html#UTC ,

http://wwwghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/utc.html , and http://www.pnsn.org/recenteqs/glossary.htm

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Enumerated Domain:

Enumerated Domain Value:  1993/09/21

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  This value means that the Earthquake occurred on September 21, 1993 Coordinated

Universal Time (UTC). Based on the more specific time information provided for this earthquake (see below), it was September 20, 1993 in the area of the epicenters (Pacific Standard Time (PST) or Pacific Daylight Time (PDT)) when Oregon’s two largest-recorded, inland earthquakes occurred.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult Mertzman et al. (2007) and http://www.pnsn.org/ INFO_GENERAL/basic.html#UTC

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Time_of_Quake_UTC_hh_mm_ss

                        Attribute Definition:  The time in (Universal Coordinated Time (UTC)) at which the initiation of the rupture along the fault occurred

(earthquake’s origin time). This is provided in the format of hh:mm:ss (hours:minutes:seconds format).  These values are from

http://www.ess.washington.edu/SEIS/PNSN/HIST_CAT/catalog.html.

Attribute Definition Source:  Consult the following for details:  http://www.pnsn.org/INFO_GENERAL/basic.html#UTC ,

http://wwwghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/utc.html , and http://www.pnsn.org/recenteqs/glossary.htm

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  03:28:55

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  This value indicates that the earthquake occurred at 03:28:55 (UTC) on September 21,

1993 (UTC) (see above). This means that it began rupturing at the 55th second of the 28th minute of the 3rd hour of September 21, 1993 according to the Universal Coordinated Time standard (Greenwich Meridian Time). This is the

equivalent of 20:28:55 Pacific Daylight Time  (PDT), meaning it was about 8:29 PM locally (in the area around the

epicenters) when the rupture along the fault that led to the earthquake began.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult Mertzman et al.  (2007),

http://www.pnsn.org/INFO_GENERAL/basic.html#UTC , and http://wwwghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/utc.html

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  05:45:35

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  This value indicates that the earthquake occurred at 05:45:35 (UTC) on September 21,

1993 (UTC) (see above). This means that it began rupturing at the 35th second of the 45th minute of the 5th hour of September 21, 1993 according to the Universal Coordinated Time standard (Greenwich Meridian Time). This is the

equivalent of 22:45:35 Pacific Daylight Time (PDT), meaning it was about 10:46 PM locally (in the area around the epicenters) when the rupture along the fault that led to the earthquake began.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult Mertzman et al.  (2007),

http://www.pnsn.org/INFO_GENERAL/basic.html#UTC , and http://wwwghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/utc.html

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Latitude_N_degrees

                        Attribute Definition:  The latitude coordinate of the epicenter of the earthquake in decimal degrees from the equator (north is positive,

                                    south is negative). The values of this attribute are from http://www.ess.washington.edu/SEIS/PNSN/HIST_CAT/catalog.html. It is

difficult to tell from the information provided by the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network’s website, but it seems that these coordinates are according to the World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS 84) datum.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://www.pnsn.org/OPS/staformat.html ,

http://www.ess.washington.edu/SEIS/PNSN/HIST_CAT/catalog.html , and http://www.pnsn.org/recenteqs/glossary.htm

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  42.31

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  42.35

                                                Attribute Units of Measure:  degrees north of the equator (positive is north of equator, negative is south of the equator).

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Longitude_E_degrees

                        Attribute Definition:  The longitude coordinate of the epicenter of the earthquake in decimal degrees from the Prime Meridian (east is

                                    positive, west is negative). The values of this attribute are from http://www.ess.washington.edu/SEIS/PNSN/HIST_CAT/

catalog.html. It is difficult to tell from the information provided by the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network’s website, but it seems that these coordinates are according to the World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS 84) datum.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://www.pnsn.org/OPS/staformat.html ,

http://www.ess.washington.edu/SEIS/PNSN/HIST_CAT/catalog.html , and http://www.pnsn.org/recenteqs/glossary.htm

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  -122.05

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  -122.02

                                                Attribute Units of Measure:  degrees east of the Prime Meridian (positive is east of the Prime Meridian to +180 degrees,

negative is west of the Prime Meridian to -180 degrees). This means that the above coordinates are approximately 122 degrees west of the Prime Meridian.

            Attribute: 

                        Attribute Label:  UTM_N_m

Attribute Definition:  This is the northing value in meters of an earthquake’s epicenter location according to the NAD 1927 UTM Zone 10

projection system. This value was determined with the MapInfo Professional version 7.0 Coordinate Extractor extension. The epicenters were originally projected in Latitude/Longitude WGS 84, but were opened in a NAD 1927 UTM Zone 10 projection and their coordinates in the UTM coordinate system were extracted from there. This value resulted from the conversion of the latitude according to the WGS 84 datum to the UTM Northing coordinate in UTM zone 10 according to the NAD 27 datum.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  None

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  4,684,466.34

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  4,688,879.77

                                                Attribute Units of Measure:  meters

            Attribute:         

Attribute Label:  UTM_E_m

Attribute Definition:  This is the easting value in meters of an earthquake’s epicenter location according to the NAD 1927 UTM Zone 10

projection system. This value was determined with the MapInfo Professional version 7.0 Coordinate Extractor extension. The epicenters were originally projected in Latitude/Longitude WGS 84, but were opened in a NAD 1927 UTM Zone 10 projection and their coordinates in the UTM coordinate system were extracted from there. This value resulted from the conversion of the longitude according to the WGS 84 datum to the UTM Easting coordinate in UTM zone 10 according to the NAD 27 datum.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  None

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  578,338.23 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  580,860.29 

                                                Attribute Units of Measure:  meters

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Depth_km

                        Attribute Definition:  These depth data are from the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network. Here is what their website says regarding the

                                    depth information they provide: “The depth where the earthquake begins to rupture. This depth may be relative to mean sea-level or

the average elevation of the seismic stations which provided arrival-time data for the earthquake location. The choice of reference depth is dependent on the method used to locate the earthquake.” (The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network, 2002). Essentially, this is the depth at which the rupture that created the earthquake occurred relative to some established plane.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  Please consult the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network’s (2002) website at the following URL:

                                    http://www.pnsn.org/recenteqs/glossary.htm

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value: 10.3

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  This means that the earthquake occurred at a depth of 10.3 kilometers relative to an

established plane of reference, which is unfortunately not provided by the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source: Please see http://www.pnsn.org/recenteqs/glossary.htm

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Richter_Magnitude_Ml

                        Attribute Definition:  The magnitude of an earthquake is a representation of its size, and there are many ways to measure and assess the size of

an earthquake. This Ml value represents the magnitude as the local Magnitude. The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network website

defines the local Magnitude as “[t]he original magnitude relationship defined by Richter and Gutenberg for local earthquakes in 1935. It is based on the maximum amplitude of a seismogram recorded on a Wood-Anderson torsion seismograph. Although these instruments are no longer widely in use, Ml values are calculated using modern instrumentation with appropriate adjustments.” (The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network, 2002). These data are from The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (2003).

                        Attribute Definition Source:  Consult http://www.pnsn.org/recenteqs/glossary.htm

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  5.9

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  6.0

                                                Attribute Units of Measure:  Values are according to the

                                                            Richter Magnitude local magnitude (Ml) scale.

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  QUAL

                        Attribute Definition:  The QUAL attribute reflects the quality of the epicenter location’s measurement. It provides two quality factors using an

alphabetic A to D scale where A indicates good quality and D indicates bad/poor quality. The two letters appear in a sequence such as AA or BA. The first letter in the sequence pertains to what is known as the RMS time residual, “an estimate of how much misfit there is between the observed arrival times (of the earthquake wave at a seismic station) and those (times) that are calculated (based on a crude velocity model” (The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network, 2002). It seems that the lower the misfit of the calculated and the actual arrival times, the better the quality of the data. “The second quality factor relates to how well (The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network) stations surround the earthquake, and to whether the nearest station is close enough to constrain depth” (The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network, 2002). Finally, the website of the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network goes on to say that “A "CC or better" quality solution means that the event is reasonably well surrounded by stations, and that observed arrival-times of the waves at the various stations are reasonably consistent” (The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network, 2002). Based on an investigation of assessments of other earthquakes on the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network’s website, it appears that a quality (QUAL) rating of AD is poor.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  Please see http://www.pnsn.org/INFO_GENERAL/basic.html#UTC and

http://www.pnsn.org/SEIS/EQ_Special/WEBDIR_03092214064n/welcome.html

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  AD

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  According to the overall rating of another earthquake’s calculated location

(http://www.pnsn.org/SEIS/EQ_Special/WEBDIR_03092214064n/welcome.html), it seems that the quality

assessment of AD for the epicenter locations of Oregon’s two largest-recorded, inland earthquakes indicates poor quality locations. According to the above-mentioned quality factors, it seems that there is a good fit between the calculated and observed earthquake wave arrival time, but that the epicenter was not well enough surrounded by seismic stations to allow these calculations to be of high quality.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source: Consult http://www.pnsn.org/INFO_GENERAL/basic.html#UTC and

http://www.pnsn.org/SEIS/EQ_Special/WEBDIR_03092214064n/welcome.html

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Felt_Yes_or_No

                        Attribute Definition:  The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network indicates if an earthquake was felt by people (presumable by reports). This

                                    attribute answers the question “was the earthquake felt?” If the earthquake was reportedly felt, the value is “Yes”. If the earthquake

was not known to have been felt the value is “No.”

                        Attribute Definition Source:  None, but see http://www.ess.washington.edu/SEIS/PNSN/HIST_CAT/catalog.html as a data source.

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value: Yes

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The Yes indicates that the earthquake was reported to have been felt by people.

                                                            Both of Oregon’s largest-recorded, inland earthquakes were felt by people.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  None, but consult http://www.ess.washington.edu/SEIS/

PNSN/HIST_CAT/catalog.html as a source

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Comments

                        Attribute Definition:  Notes provided by the Pacific Northwest Seismic survey about the earthquake. Specifically, they are comments

                                    concerning the location of the earthquake relative to a geographic feature that might be recognizable by people, such as a mountain

                                    or a city.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  None, but information is from http://www.ess.washington.edu/SEIS/PNSN/HIST_CAT/catalog.html

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Enumerated Domain:

Enumerated Domain Value:  22.7 km WNW of Klamath Falls, OR

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  This indicates that the epicenter of the earthquake was 22.7 kilometers west-northwest

of Klamath Falls, Oregon.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  None, but value from http://www.ess.washington.edu/SEIS/

PNSN/HIST_CAT/catalog.html                                  

                                    Enumerated Domain:

Enumerated Domain Value:  23.6 km ESE of Mt McLoughlin, OR

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  This indicates that the epicenter of the earthquake was 23.6 kilometers

                                                            east-southeast of Mount McLoughlin, Oregon.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source: None, but value from http://www.ess.washington.edu/SEIS/

PNSN/HIST_CAT/catalog.html

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  References

                        Attribute Definition:  The source of the data provided in the AspenLakeQuakes data table (except for the UTM_N_m and the UTM_E_m

attributes, which were derived from the latitude and longitude coordinates, respectively).

                        Attribute Definition Source:  None

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network, 2003

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The source for the information provided in this data table (except the UTM

coordinates) is as follows:

The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network. (2003, March 27). List of magnitude 4.0 or larger

earthquakes in Washington and Oregon. Retrieved October 23, 2007, from http://www.ess.washington.

edu/SEIS/PNSN/HIST_CAT/catalog.html.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  None, but the data are (except UTM coordinates) from:

http://www.ess.washington.edu/SEIS/PNSN/HIST_CAT/catalog.html

                                               

Distribution Information

Metadata Reference Information

Metadata Date:  20071004

Metadata Contact: 

            Contact Information:

                        Contact Person Primary: 

                                    Contact Person: Isaac Weaver

                        Contact Position:  Research Assistant

                        Contact Address:

                                    Address Type:  mailing and physical address

                                    Address:  Isaac Weaver, Franklin and Marshall College, Department of Earth and Environment, PO Box 3003

City:  Lancaster

State or Province:  Pennsylvania

Postal Code:  17604

                        Contact Voice Telephone:  Unavailable

                        Contact Electronic Mail Address:  iweaver@fandm.edu

Metadata Standard Name:  FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata Standard Version:  Version 2 – 1998