Identification Information

Citation

Originator:  Stanley A. Mertzman, Franklin and Marshall College, Department of Earth and Environment; Richard W. Hazlett, Pomona

College, Geology Department; Stephen G. Weaver, Colorado College, Department of Geology; Robert Bruant, Jr., formerly at Franklin

and Marshall College, Department of Earth and Environment; Stephen Crabtree, formerly at Franklin and Marshall College, Department

of Earth and Environment; Lindley Hall, formerly at Williams College, Geosciences department; Richard Heermance III, formerly at

Colorado College, Department of Geology; Amy Humm, formerly at Amherst College, Department of Geology; Jennifer Pallon, formerly

at Smith College, Geology Department; Matthew Reuer, formerly at Carleton College, Department of Geology; James Rowe, formerly at

Carleton College, Department of Geology; Benjamin Schiffer, formerly at Whitman College, Geology Department; and Jonathon Zook,

formerly at Colorado College, Department of Geology

            Publication Date:  2007

            Title:  Open-File Report O-07-13: Preliminary Geologic Map of the Lake of the

Woods South 7.5’ Quadrangle, Klamath County, Oregon

            Publication Information:

                        Publication Place:  Portland, Oregon

                        Publisher: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries

Description:

Abstract:  This data set contains the information used to create the Preliminary Geologic Map of the Lake of the Woods South 7.5’ Quadrangle

for Open-File Report O-07-13. This map is one of a series of geologic maps created for quadrangles in south-central Oregon in the area

of the Cascade Mountains just to the west of Klamath Lake in Jackson and Klamath Counties.

The digital raster Graphic (DRG) of the 1985 provisional edition of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5’ Lake of the Woods South

quadrangle provides the base map on top of which geospatial vector format geologic units layers, vector format unit boundaries/contacts,

collected and analyzed sample location layers, faults, and volcanic centers layers have been placed. The geologic units and their boundaries

were determined based on a combination of field observations and hand sample, thin-section, and geochemical analyses and observations

of 153 samples collected from within the Lake of the Woods South USGS 7.5’ quadrangle as well as relevant samples collected from

adjacent quadrangles. Although the chemistry data and thin-section observations were used in creating the map, the units are meant to be

field-mappable, that is, recognizable by the study of outcrops in the field.

The various layers (geologic units, samples, etc.) of the map were digitized in MapInfo Professional v.7.0 from drawings on paper

quadrangles, UTM coordinates, or maps from student research reports. Rock samples were collected and analyzed by x-ray fluorescence

(XRF) intermittently between 1984 and 2004. Several samples were also dated using K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar dating methods. The major and

trace elemental chemistry data and ages are made available in the samples table of this data set.

            Purpose: These data were collected and compiled in order to better understand the local geology and geologic history, to create a field –

mappable geologic map of the U.S. Geological Survey 7.5’ Lake of the Woods South quadrangle to be published as Open-File Report

O-07-13, and to make available the collected chemical and age information that may be useful in various forms of study of this volcanic

region. The map is intended for a diverse audience with varying amounts of geologic understanding. This is one of a series of geologic

maps of USGS 7.5’ quadrangles in the south-central region of Oregon to be published by the Oregon Department of Geology and

Mineral Industries.

Supplemental Information:  There are several different files and file formats in this data set. The geologic units/formations table, unit

boundaries/contacts table, samples table, faults table, and volcanic centers table were created in MapInfo Professional version 7.0 and

the .TAB files can be opened using MapInfo software. These data were later translated to ESRI compatible file formats using the

MapInfo Universal Translator extension. These translated files were then arranged and setup to properly display the data when opened

in the ESRI ArcMap software.There is a MapInfo workspace (.WOR) file that opens the georeferenced USGS Lake of the Woods

South 7.5’ quadrangle raster image and the other Lake of the Woods South tables mentioned above (LOTWS.WOR). There is also an

ArcMap file (.MXD) which contains the georeferenced USGS Lake of the Woods South 7.5’ quadrangle and the geologic units, unit

boundaries, samples, faults, and volcanic centers shapefiles and accompanying attribute tables.

Time Period of Content:

            Multiple Dates/Times:

                        Calendar Date:  1984, 1986, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2004, 2007

            Currentness Reference: ground condition except 2007 is publication date

Status:

            Progress:  Complete

                        Maintenance and Update Frequency:  Unknown

Spatial Domain:

            Bounding Coordinates:

                        West Bounding Coordinate:  -122.25

                        East Bounding Coordinate:  -122.125

                        North Bounding Coordinate:  42.375

                        South Bounding Coordinate:  42.25

Keywords:

            Theme:

Theme Keyword Thesaurus:  none

Theme Keyword:  geologic map

                        Theme Keyword:  map of surface geology

                        Theme Keyword:  surface geology

                        Theme Keyword:  volcanoes

                        Theme Keyword:  Oregon volcanoes

Theme Keyword:  volcanic flows

                        Theme Keyword:  lava flows

                        Theme Keyword:  units

                        Theme Keyword:  formations

                        Theme Keyword:  formation boundary

                        Theme Keyword:  contact

Theme Keyword:  samples

                        Theme Keyword:  geochemistry

                        Theme Keyword:  chemistry

                        Theme Keyword:  age-dated

                        Theme Keyword:  volcanic center

                        Theme Keyword:  geospatial vector format

                        Theme Keyword:  digital raster graphic

                        Theme Keyword:  drg

                        Theme Keyword:  topographic map

                        Theme Keyword:  topographic quadrangle

Theme Keyword:  USGS quadrangle

Theme Keyword:  Open-File Report

Theme Keyword:  Open-File Report 07-13     

            Place:

                        Place Keyword Thesaurus:  none

                        Place Keyword:  Oregon

                        Place Keyword:  south-central Oregon

Place Keyword:  Southern Oregon

Place Keyword:  Oregon volcanoes

Place Keyword:  Lake of the Woods South USGS 7.5’ quadrangle

Place Keyword:  Lake of the Woods South Quadrangle

                        Place Keyword:  Mountain Lakes Wilderness Area

Place Keyword:  Lake of the Woods South

                        Place Keyword:  Lake of the Woods

                        Place Keyword:  Buck Lake

                        Place Keyword:  Burton Butte

                        Place Keyword:  High Knob

                        Place Keyword:  Crater Mountain

                        Place Keyword:  Whiteface Peak

                        Place Keyword:  Ichabod Spring

                        Place Keyword:  Greylock Mountain

Place Keyword:  Cascades

                        Place Keyword:  Cascade Mountains

                        Place Keyword:  High Cascade volcanoes

                        Place Keyword:  Upper Klamath Basin

            Stratum:           

                        Stratum Keyword Thesaurus: none

                        Stratum Keyword:  surface

                        Stratum Keyword:  surface geology

                        Stratum Keyword:  surficial

                        Stratum Keyword:  surficial formations

                        Stratum Keyword:  surface formations

                        Stratum Keyword:  upper strata

                        Stratum Keyword:  surface strata

                        Stratum Keyword:  volcanic strata

                        Stratum Keyword:  volcanic

                        Stratum Keyword:  surficial volcanic deposits

                        Stratum Keyword:  lava flows

                        Stratum Keyword:  surficial lava flow

            Temporal:

                        Temporal Keyword Thesaurus:  none

                        Temporal Keyword:  6 Ma

                        Temporal Keyword:  6 million years

                        Temporal Keyword:  present

                        Temporal Keyword:  6 million years to the present

Temporal Keyword:  late Cenozoic

                        Temporal Keyword:  upper Cenozoic

                        Temporal Keyword:  Tertiary to Quaternary

                        Temporal Keyword:  Late Tertiary to Quaternary

                        Temporal Keyword:  Upper Tertiary to Quaternary

                        Temporal Keyword:  Neogene to Quaternary

Temporal Keyword:  Middle Neogene to Quaternary

                        Temporal Keyword:  Miocene

                        Temporal Keyword:  Pliocene

                        Temporal Keyword:  Pleistocene

                        Temporal Keyword:  Holocene

                        Temporal Keyword:  Miocene to Holocene

                        Temporal Keyword:  Late Miocene to Holocene

                        Temporal Keyword:  Upper Miocene to Holocene

Access Constraints:  none

Use Constraints:  Acknowledgement of the authors and the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries would be appreciated in products

Derived from these data.

Point of Contact:

            Contact Person Primary:  Stanley A. Mertzman

            Contact Address:

                        Address Type:  mailing and physical address

                        Address:  Stanley A. Mertzman, Franklin and Marshall College, Department of Earth and Environment, PO Box 3003

City:  Lancaster

State or Province:  Pennsylvania

Postal Code:  17604

            Contact Voice Telephone:  1-717-291-3818

            Contact Electronic Mail Address:  stan.mertzman@fandm.edu

            Contact Instructions:  contact via electronic mail is preferred

Browse Graphic:

            Browse Graphic File Name:  LOTWSMap30x36.pdf

            Browse Graphic File Description:  The LOTWSMap30x36.pdf file contains the Preliminary Geologic Map of the Lake of the Woods

                        South 7.5’ Quadrangle of Open-File Report 07-13. This map was made from the data provided in this data set. The basic image in this

map (the 1988 USGS Lake of the Woods South 7.5’ quadrangle overlain by the formations, formation boundaries/contacts, sample

symbols, and the faults) was created in MapInfo Professional version 7.0 using the data available in this data set

(LOTWSQuadforTransparent.TAB, LOTWSUnits.TAB, LOTWSUnitBounds.TAB, LOTWSFaults.TAB, and LOTWSSamples.TAB).

This image was exported from MapInfo Professional v. 7.0 as a Photoshop Document (.PSD) at a zoom of 1 inch = 1.4 miles, a

window size of 8 miles (in the export options, the actual window size was doubled from 5.72 inches to 11.44 inches), and with a

resolution of 600 pixels per inch.  The colors of the resulting .PSD file were adjusted in Adobe Photoshop CS3 to match USGS CMYK

color standards. The image was then opened in Adobe Illustrator CS3 where its size was increased by 184.7999% to make the map scale

1:24,000. The sample’s map numbers, the formation labels, and the rest of what is seen on the map, such as the time rock chart and the

legend, were added to the map in Adobe Illustrator CS3. The resulting 30 inch x 36 inch Adobe Illustrator image was saved as a Portable

Document Format (.PDF) file and the result is the image of the geologic map seen in the file LOTWSMap30x36.pdf.

            Browse Graphic File Type:  PDF

Native Data Set Environment:  The majority of the data files in the data set used to make the Preliminary Geologic Map of the Lake the of Woods

South 7.5’ Quadrangle of Open-File Report 07-13 were originally created using MapInfo Professional software version 7.0 running under a

Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional operating system. The data that were digitized in this environment were the geologic formations, the

formations boundaries, the sample locations, the fault, and the volcanic centers layers. The USGS 7.5’ Lake of the Woods South quadrangle

digital raster graphic (drg) was obtained from an external source and was produced in a different environment. However, in order to make a

version of this USGS quadrangle drg that would make its white and green areas transparent (so that the map could overlay the formations layer

and the formations could show through) the digital USGS quadrangle drg was modified from its original copy. This modification was done

using Adobe Photoshop version 5 and the resulting image of the quadrangle was manually georeferenced in MapInfo Professional version 7.0.

The data were at times accessed and modified in MapInfo Professional version 7.0 running under a Microsoft XP operating system. The data

from the Lake of the Woods South quadrangle samples table have been exported from MapInfo Professional version 7.0 at least one time and

opened in Microsoft Excel for addition or modification of certain attributes, particularly chemistry data. The Microsoft Excel file was then

reopened in MapInfo Professional version 7.0. The files of this data set have been saved and backed-up on various hard drives at various times.

The most up-to-date MapInfo Professional formatted files (DAT, ID, MAP, PSD, TAB, TFW, TIF, and WOR) have a total size of 62.4 MB.

After the data set had been produced in MapInfo Professional version 7.0, the files were converted using MapInfo’s Universal Translator

extension to produce files that could be opened with ESRI ArcMap software version 9.2. This was done by converting the MapInfo TAB files

into ESRI SHP format files. The USGS quadrangle drg was reopened and georeferenced anew within ESRI ArcMap. Further modification of

the data files occurred within ESRI ArcMap, such as adjustment of attribute names in the attribute table, adjustment of symbol shapes and

colors, and setting of the formation regions’ colors. The ESRI-formatted files (MXD, DBF, PRJ, SBN, SBX, SHP, SHX, AUX, RRD,

TFW, TIF, TFWX, and XML)  have a total size of 163 MB.

 

 

Data Quality Information

Attribute Accuracy:

Attribute Accuracy Report:  The attribute accuracy was tested in several ways. For sample, formation boundary, and volcanic center location

attributes (UTM coordinates), accuracy was assessed by comparison of on-screen representations of the location (digital maps on the

computer screen) to hard copy versions (hand drawn or similarly-demarcated locations and boundaries on top of paper USGS

quadrangles). On several occasions, the digitized versions of the Lake of the Woods South 7.5’ quadrangle were printed out on paper

with the symbol locations and formation boundaries demarcated. The print-out was then assessed by the chief geologist of the project,

Stanley A. Mertzman. The UTM coordinates of the samples provided in the attribute table have a precision that does not reflect that

with which their location on the map was determined. The precision reflects the values that were assigned using MapInfo Professional

verion 7.0’s Coordinate Extractor extension after manual placement of the sample locations on the drg of the USGS 7.5’ Lake of the

Woods South quadrangle based on comparison with the original paper quadrangles on which locations were drawn, or in some cases,

based on previously-rounded (to the nearest 10 m) UTM coordinates for samples not shown on the original paper map(s). The accuracy

of the locations drawn on the original paper maps may vary. Prior to the year 2000, sampling locations were originally determined by

use of a Brunton compass in the field and these data were later translated to the 1:24,000 USGS 7.5’ quadrangles using plastic overlay

cards marked with 1:24000 scale UTM coordinate grids or tick marks at relevant, repeated intervals. After the year 2000, Magellan GPS

units were used to determine the location of collected samples in the field, and again these coordinates were placed on the 1:24,000

scale USGS quadrangles using the appropriate plastic overlay card with UTM units.

The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) attributes (¼ of ¼ Section, ¼ Section, Section, Township, and Range) in the Lake of the

Woods South samples table were created in a manner so as to be as accurate as possible, but have not been tested for accuracy beyond

the checks that occurred during their production. The Township and Range attribute values were assigned by selection of all samples

that occurred within either manually created or downloaded polygons of the Township and Range boundaries. Samples near a Township

or Range grid line were more carefully studied on the screen to check that the sample really did lie within the supposed Township. The

Section attribute was assigned based on a sample’s location in relation to the PLSS section grid as represented on the drg of the Lake of

the Woods South quadrangle in MapInfo.

The ¼ of ¼ Section and ¼ Section attributes were assigned for each sample based on downloaded grids which displayed the boundaries

of the ¼ of ¼ Sections and ¼ Sections of Townships. Because the Section and Township boundaries did not always line up perfectly

with those of the underlying quadrangle DRG, at times attributes of samples close to lines in this grid had to be assigned based on mental

adjustments or at times, the use of a ruler held up to the screen, by a technician. For this reason, the accuracy of the ¼ of ¼ Section and

¼ Section attributes may be questionable in some cases, particularly in those samples which lie close to the boundaries which demarcate

these location descriptors.

The accuracy of a sample’s Unit attribute was tested by a visual check of the sample’s location in relation to the unit boundaries as

displayed in MapInfo Professional version 7.0.

The accuracy of the chemical data is dependent on many factors not discussed here. The samples were analyzed by x-ray fluorescence

(XRF) at various times and possibly by different machines. All that will be said is that the accuracy of the XRF chemical data is

monitored and assessed by using an instrument monitor (to account for local climate and machine conditions on the day of measurement),

by running several well-measured standards in every batch, and by analyzing the totals counts. That the chemical attributes of each sample

in the data table match the originally assigned data from the XRF instrument was tested by the comparison of  the sample chemistry table

to the original Excel data files that contained the chemistry information provided by the XRF spectrometer. All of the chemical data were

derived from these original Excel files, except for several of the age-dated samples, which may have values copied from a previous

publication by Stanley A. Mertzman. That the chemistry of the dated samples was correctly copied into the data table was checked by

comparison of the digital data to the data printed in the publication.

The colors of the units are consistent between adjacent quadrangles mapped in this project and were created as the RGB (only color mode

allowed in MapInfo Professional version 7.0) equivalents of standard USGS CMYK colors.

Logical Consistency Report: The boundaries of the Lake of the Woods South unit polygons within the formations table (LOTWSFormations) have

been checked for self- intersections, overlaps, and gaps using MapInfo Professional version 7.0 and no such problems were detected. The edges

of unit polygons have also been checked against those mapped as part of this project, but available in other data sets. All of the boundaries were

found to fit and all of the points at the quadrangle corners were found to align perfectly. The formations boundaries polylines (from the file

LOTWSFormationBounds) were drawn in a separate layer on top of the formations layer using the trace function that is available in the MapInfo

Professional version 7.0 software.

There are two samples with duplicate coordinates in the Lake of the Woods South samples data table (LOTWSSamples) due to the collection of

more than one sample from the same location or possibly from multiple analyses of the same sample.

Completeness Report:  All field-mappable units and unit boundaries in the USGS 7.5’ Lake of the Woods South quadrangle have been mapped. At least

one sample (not necessarily within the USGS Lake of the Woods South 7.5’ quadrangle) from each unit present in the quadrangle, except Qal,

Qs, and Qg, has been age-dated. All known faults and volcanic centers within the Lake of the Woods South quadrangle have been mapped and

the MapInfo layers of these features have been included in this data set. All samples known to have been collected within this quadrangle and

analyzed by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) by Professor Stanley A. Mertzman, his colleagues, and students have been mapped. All chemistry results

from the XRF analyses have been included in the attribute table of the samples data file (LOTWSSamples). All map numbers, sample numbers,

ages (applicable only to dated samples) in millions of years (Ma), Public Land Survey System (PLSS: ¼ of ¼ Section, ¼ Section, Section,

Township, and Range according to the Willamette meridian and base line), UTM coordinates (North American Datum of 1927: Zone 10), unit

membership, and lithology (based on the total alkalis versus silica (TAS) classification method for volcanic rocks described by Le Maitre (2002))

have been included in the attribute table of the samples data file. The symbol, unit name, geologic time scale age, and radiometrically-

determined age are the attributes of the Lake of the Woods South units table (LOTWSUnits).

Positional Accuracy: 

            Horizontal Positional Accuracy:

                        Horizontal Positional Accuracy Report:  The horizontal positional accuracy of the digitized data with regard to the original paper maps

has been checked by visual comparison of the digitized sample locations, formation boundaries, fault, and volcanic centers to the

original paper maps when possible. The positional accuracy of the original sample locations on the original paper maps may vary

depending on the location-determining methods used as discussed above (Brunton compass or Magellan GPS after 2000). The

positions of the unit boundaries are approximate and their accuracy has not necessarily been field tested. Analysis of the

collected samples (chemistry, hand-sample, and thin sections) and familiarity with the area from lots of time spent in the field

by experienced geologists ought to ensure reasonable accuracy of the mapped unit boundaries, although this is not quantifiable.

Lineage:

Source Information:

            Source Citation:

                        Originator:  U.S. Geological Survey

                        Publication Date:  1985

                        Title:  Lake of the Woods South Quadrangle: Oregon – Klamath

County: 7.5 Minute Series (Topographic)

                        Edition:  Provisional Edition 1985

Geospatial Data Presentation Form:  map and raster

digital data (digital raster graphic (drg)) of map

Series Information:

Series Name:  U.S. Geological Survey 7.5 Minute

Series Topographic Quadrangles

Series Issue:  Lake of the Woods South, Oreg.: Provisional

Edition 1985: 42122-C2-TF-024

Publication Information:

Publication Place:  Denver, CO or Reston, VA

Publisher:  U.S. Geological Survey

Other Citation Details:  A drg of this map can be downloaded from

the University of Oregon Libraries website.

Online Linkage:  UO Libraries website:

            http://libweb.uoregon.edu/dc/24k_lookup/displaymap.php?ohio_code=42122c2

displaymap.php?ohio_code=42122c2

                        Source Scale Denominator:  24,000

                        Type of Source Media:  Paper and Online

                        Source Time Period of Content:

                                    Time Period Information:

Multiple Dates/Times:

                                                            Calendar Dates:  1980, 1982, 1985

                                    Source Currentness Reference:  1980 corresponds to the year in which aerial photographs were taken, the map was field checked

in 1982, and the map was edited and published in 1985. The year of production of the particular drg used in the data set

is not currently known.

                                    Source Citation Abbreviation:  42122c2

                                    Source Contribution:  The USGS Lake of the Woods South 7.5 minute paper quadrangle was used as the base map on which the

geology of the quadrangle was mapped by Stanley A. Mertzman, his colleagues, and students. A downloaded drg of the

Lake of the Woods South 7.5 minute quadrangle was used as the base map for this data set onto which the sample

locations, units, and volcanic centers were copied (digitized) from a paper version (or versions) of the map(s) produced

by the geologists involved in this project.

            Process Step:

                        Process Description:  The first step in the production of this data set was the collection of rock samples and observations from the field.

The samples’ chemistries were determined by x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The hand samples were carefully analyzed and

                                    described. Thin sections of the rocks allowed further description of certain samples.

A sample’s collection location was determined in the field using a Brunton compass prior to 2000, and with a Magellan GPS unit

after 2000. The sample locations were marked on paper versions of the USGS 7.5’ Lake of the Woods South quadrangle. These

                                    locations were digitized using a georeferenced (to the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27) zone 10 horizontal datum) drg

of the quadrangle in MapInfo Professional version 7.0 by placing a point (node) in a layer above the drg at the location identical

to the sample’s location on the papermap. This process was the first step in the production of the Lake of the Woods South

samples table (LOTWSSamples), for it produced point data from which the UTM coordinates could be extracted to the attribute

table.

The LOTWSSamples attribute table was exported at least one time to Microsoft Excel, where other sample attributes were added

and or modified (such as lithology and chemistry data). These Excel spreadsheets were then imported back into MapInfo

Professional version 7.0 and the previously extracted UTM coordinates were used to re-plot the sample locations on top of the

quadrangle drg. The drg of the quadrangle was also used in assigning the Township Range and Section attributes to the samples.

The combination of the analyses of collected samples and familiarity with the area from a lot of time spent in the field

allowed Stanley A. Mertzman to discriminate between and determine the units present within the Lake of the Woods South

quadrangle and to draw the approximate locations of their boundaries on the paper USGS 7.5’ topographic maps. These

boundaries were then digitized in the same manner as the sample locations, by copying their locations from on the paper map to

a MapInfo layer on top of a drg of the same map (USGS 7.5’ Lake of the Woods South quadrangle/ 42122c2). This was done

using the polygon tool in MapInfo Professional version 7.0. The boundary of the unit on the map (contact) was digitized as the

boundary of the polygon in MapInfo. The unit polygons were colored based on RGB equivalents of standard USGS CMYK

colors. The unit ages, names, and symbols (abbreviated names) were added to the attribute table at a later stage of the process.

It was decided that a separate layer (file) should be made for the unit boundaries (contacts) within the quadrangle because the

edges of the unit polygons did not necessarily correspond to the actual unit boundaries. The edges of the unit polygons were

limited by the quadrangle boundaries, so although many units extend beyond the boundaries of the Lake of the Woods South

quadrangle, the polygons for this data set were limited to the area of the quadrangle.

In order to make a layer (LOTWSUnitBounds) that corresponded to the actual unit boundaries (surface contacts between two

rock units), the true unit boundaries (not those cut off at the quadrangle’s edges) were made by tracing (using MapInfo’s trace

function) all of the unit polygons’ edges, except those that corresponded with the 4 sides of the quadrangle. This process created

the polylines that now represent the unit boundaries in this data set.

The volcanic centers’ locations were originally determined from field observations and sample analyses. Their locations were

marked on a paper version of the quadrangle with temporary stickers and then digitized by copying the location to the identical

spot on the drg of the quadrangle.

The fault’s location was digitized as polylines by the copying of its location from a paper map.

                                    After the creation of final forms of all of the necessary files in MapInfo, the MapInfo Universal Translator Extension was used

to convert the MapInfo-formatted data set to ESRI-format files. This involved converting the mapinfo TAB files of the unit

polygons, unit boundaries polylines, sample points, fault polylines, and volcanic center points to shapefiles (SHP). These files

were opened and adjusted in ESRI ArcMap version 9.2.

                                    The digital versions of the sample collection locations; units and unit boundaries; and the volcanic centers locations were checked

by visual comparison of the digital data on the computer screen (in MapInfo) or on printed copies to the original source paper

maps and final printed or digital (PDF) versions of the resulting maps were assessed by the chief geologist of this project,

Stanley A. Mertzman.

                        Source Used Citation Abbreviation:  42122c2

                        Process Date: 2007

                        Process Contact:

                                    Contact Information:

                                                Contact Person Primary:

Contact Person:  Isaac Weaver

                                                Contact Position:  Research Assistant

                                                Contact Address:

                                                            Address Type:  mailing and physical address

                                                            Address:  Isaac Weaver, Franklin and

Marshall College, Department of Earth and Environment, PO Box 3003

City:  Lancaster

State or Province:  Pennsylvania

Postal Code:  17604

                                                Contact Voice Telephone:  Unavailable

                                                Contact Electronic Mail Address:  iweaver@fandm.edu                                                

 

Spatial Data Organization Information

Indirect Spatial Reference:  This data set contains files with point data locations at which rock samples were collected from outcrops, polygons of

the geologic units, polylines of the formation boundaries (contacts), polylines of a fault, and volcanic center locations for the U.S.

Geological Survey 7.5 minute Lake of the Woods South quadrangle.

Direct Spatial Reference Method:  Point, Vector, and Raster

 

 

Spatial Reference Information

Horizontal Coordinate System Definition: 

            Planar:

                        Grid Coordinate System:

                                    Grid Coordinate System Name: Universal Transverse Mercator

                                    Universal Transverse Mercator:

                                                UTM Zone Number: 10

                                                Transverse Mercator:

                                                            Scale Factor at Central Meridian:  0.999600

                                                            Longitude of Central Meridian:  -123.000000

                                                            Latitude of Projection Origin:  0.000000

                                                            False Easting:  500000.000000

                                                            False Northing:  0.000000

            Planar Coordinate Information:

                        Planar Coordinate Encoding Method:  coordinate pair

                        Coordinate Representaion:

                                    Abscissa Resolution:  0.01

                                    Ordinate Resolution:  0.01

                        Planar Distance Units: meters

Geodetic Model:

            Horizontal Datum Name:  North American Datum of 1927

            Ellipsoid Name:  Clarke 1866

            Semi-major Axis:  6378206.4

            Denominator of Flattening Ratio: 294.9787

           

 

Entity and Attribute Information

Detailed Description:

            Entity Type:

                        Entity Type Label:  Unit

Entity Type Definition:  A rock unit (or just unit), with regard to this data set, is a body of rock with a limited range of lithological

characteristics (as determined by analyses of outcrops and samples in the field and in the laboratory) that can be

distinguished from other bodies of rocks by observations made in the field (such as analysis of outcrops or hand-samples

collected from them). That is to say, a unit is field-mappable according to the definition used in the creation of this data set.

Nevertheless, the chemistry data and other observations not possible in the field were still considered in determining and

discriminating the units. In the Lake of the Woods South quadrangle, a unit may represent one or more volcanic flows, vent

deposits, quaternary alluvium and/or colluvium, or quaternary lacustrine deposits. A unit has an age (or age-range), which has

been determined by dating of collected samples. It should be noted that the vent deposit units (Qbv) may display similar

macroscopic lithologies, but are perhaps best described as sub-units of the units in which they are found. Samples collected

from these deposits are considered a part of the unit in which the vent deposits are found. Detailed descriptions of the units

found within the Lake of the Woods South quadrangle are found in the Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

In this data set, the units are colored polygons with edges placed at the approximate locations of the contacts.

                        Entity Type Definition Source: See Mertzman et al. (2007) for detailed descriptions of the units found within the Lake of the Woods

South quadrangle.

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Symbol

Attribute Definition:  The symbol is a form of shorthand text, specific to a

unit, that is created by combining age and lithology information with an abbreviated form of the unit’s name. The symbol

attribute is meant to be displayed on the final geologic map to save space while identifying the unit, or it can be displayed

when viewing the data on a computer. It is intended that the symbol convey age, lithology, and unit name information. The

first letter is capitalized and represents the period-age of the formation (T=Tertiary and Q=Quaternary). If the first letter of

the symbol is a capital T, then the second letter represents the epoch-age of the formation (p=Pliocene and m=Miocene). It

should be noted that these first two letters only represent the oldest dated age of the formation. Therefore, a unit’s age may

span from period to period or epoch to epoch, but this cannot be discerned from the symbol. The remaining letters in the

symbol indicate the lithology of the formation and its name. The lithology (b=basalt, ba= basaltic andesite, and a=andesite,

for volcanic units) comes first after the age information in the abbreviation of the unit’s name.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  None        

                        Attribute Domain Values: 

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qal

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Alluvium (Holocene).

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007). 

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qg 

Enumerated Domain Value Definition: Undifferentiated colluvium and alluvium (Holocene and Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007). 

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qs

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Lacustrine deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbv

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basaltic to basaltic andesite vent deposits (Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).    

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qabm

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Andesite of Brown Mountain (Upper Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007). 

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbbb

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basalt of Burton Butte (Middle Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007). 

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbaa 

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basaltic Andesite of Aspen Butte (Lower to Middle Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbah

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basaltic Andesite of High Knob (Lower Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).  

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbbp

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basalt of Buck Peak (Lower Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbbl

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basalt of Buck Lake (Lower Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).  

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qawp

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Andesite of Whiteface Peak (Lower to Middle Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbams

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basaltic Andesite of Muddy Spring (Upper Pliocene to Lower

                                                            Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Tpbas

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basaltic Andesite of Surveyor Mountain (Upper Pliocene to

Lower Pleistocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al. 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Tpbtc

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basalt of Tunnel Creek (Upper Pliocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al. 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Tparc

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Andesite of Rainbow Creek (Middle to Upper Pliocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al. 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Tpais

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Andesite of Ichabod Spring (Middle Pliocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Tmaob

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Andesite of Old Baldy East (Upper Miocene).

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Name

Attribute Definition:  The Name attribute represents the name of unit of which the entity is a part. The name combines information

on the lithology of the unit with a geographic feature located within or near the unit’s boundary, such as a mountain or a

body of water. Detailed descriptions of the units found within the Lake of the Woods South quadrangle are available in

Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)          

                        Attribute Domain Values: 

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Alluvium 

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Unconsolidated sediment found in close  proximity to modern drainages.

Holocene in age.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Undifferentiated colluvium and alluvium

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Unconsolidated sediment whose origin is related to glacial activity.

Holocene and Pleistocene in age.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Lacustrine deposits   

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Unconsolidated sediment found in association with the Buck Lake

enclosed basin. Holocene and Pleistocene in age.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Basaltic to basaltic andesite vent deposits

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Poorly lithified to unconsolidated lapilli to ash-sized cinders black to

brown to red in color with lesser amounts of similarly colored lava spatter, bombs, and scoria. These

deposits mark volcanic vents areas that are often cinder cones. Pleistocene in age.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Andesite of Brown Mountain 

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Basalt of Burton Butte   

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Basaltic Andesite of Aspen Butte

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Basaltic Andesite of High Knob

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Basalt of Buck Peak      

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Basalt of Buck Lake

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Andesite of Whiteface Peak

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Basaltic Andesite of Muddy Spring    

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Basaltic Andesite of Surveyor Mountain

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007). 

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Basalt of Tunnel Creek

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Andesite of Rainbow Creek

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Andesite of Ichabod Spring    

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007). 

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Andesite of Old Baldy East      

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a detailed description of this unit.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Open-File Report O-07-13 (Mertzman et al., 2007).

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Age_Geologic_Time_Scale

Attribute Definition:  The Age_Geologic_Time_Scale represents

the age of a unit in terms of the “Stage Age” (convention not completely followed, only Lower, Middle, and Upper are used

as classes in this naming category) and “Series Epoch” classifiers of the 2007 International Stratigraphic Chart (International

Commission on Stratigraphy, 2007) as defined by dates calculated by Gradstein et al. (2004). The attribute value was

determined by a comparison of a unit’s dated age(s) to the stratigraphic age boundaries in the 2007 International Stratigraphic

Chart (International Commission on Stratigraphy, 2007). A range of geologic time scale ages may be provided for a unit due

to a range of ages calculated for one or more samples therein by K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar dating methods. This attribute provides a

low resolution representation of the age of a unit.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007), International Convention on Stratigraphy (2007), and Gradstein et al. (2004)

                        Attribute Domain Values: 

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Holocene 

Enumerated Domain Value Definition: < 0.0115 Million years ago (Ma) 

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Gradstein et al. (2004)., International Convention on Stratigraphy

(2007), and Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Upper Pleistocene 

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  0.126- 0.0115 million years ago (Ma)

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Gradstein et al. (2004)., International Convention on Stratigraphy

(2007), and Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Middle Pleistocene

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  0.781 – 0.126 million years ago (Ma)  

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Gradstein et al. (2004)., International Convention on Stratigraphy

(2007), and Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Lower Pleistocene

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  1.806 -  0.781 million years ago (Ma)

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Gradstein et al. (2004)., International Convention on Stratigraphy

(2007), and Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Pleistocene

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition: 1.806 – 0.0115 million years ago (Ma)

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Gradstein et al. (2004)., International Convention on Stratigraphy

(2007), and Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Upper Pliocene 

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  2.588 – 1.806 million years ago 

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Gradstein et al. (2004)., International Convention on Stratigraphy

(2007), and Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Middle Pliocene

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  3.600 – 2.588 million years ago (Ma)

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Gradstein et al. (2004)., International Convention on Stratigraphy

(2007), and Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Lower Pliocene

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  5.332 – 3.600 million years ago (Ma) 

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Gradstein et al. (2004)., International Convention on Stratigraphy

(2007), and Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Upper Miocene 

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  11.608 – 5.332 million years ago (Ma)

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Gradstein et al. (2004)., International Convention on Stratigraphy

(2007), and Mertzman et al. (2007)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Age_Ma

Attribute Definition:  The Age_Ma attribute describes the absolute age or age-range of a unit in millions of years as determined

by the dating of collected rock samples with K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar methods. The values are presented with the calculated ages

 and their error ranges. All units have been age-dated using either of the two aforementioned radiometric dating methods,

except for the Qal (Alluvium), Qg (Undifferentiated colluvium and alluvium), and Qs (Lacustrine deposits). The Range

domain described below pertains to the radiometrically dated samples. The value for the Qg and Qs units is “unknown

Quaternary (<1.806 Ma).” The value for the Qal unit is “unknown Holocene (<0.0115 Ma).” The Qbv unit on the Lake of

the Woods South 7.5’ quadrangle is found within the Qbbb unit and samples collected from Qbv are considered part of

the Qbbb unit. Therefore, the Qbv has been tentatively assigned the same age as the Qbbb unit, although no samples found

in the Qbv of Qbbb have been radiometrically age-dated.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

                        Attribute Domain Values: 

                                    Range Domain:

Range Domain Minimum:  <0.0115 Ma

Range Domain Maximum:  5.77 +/- 0.09 Ma

Attribute Units of Measure:  Millions of years (Ma)

Detailed Description:

            Entity Type:

                        Entity Type Label: Unit Boundary

                        Entity Type Definition:  A unit boundary is the same as a contact. It is the ground-surface (or its trace on the surface, if

buried/concealed) boundary between two rock units. In this data set, they are polylines traced on the unit polygon

boundaries (except at those that corresponded with the edges of the quadrangle). The contacts have been approximately

located. The formation boundary entities contain no attribute information.

                        Entity Type Definition Source: None

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  LOTWSUnitBounds

                        Attribute Definition:  This attribute contains no information and was created by MapInfo Professional version 7.0 when

                                    the polylines were created with that program. Each row in this attribute column corresponds to a polyline within the

                                    data set.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  None

Detailed Description:

Entity Type: 

                        Entity Type Label:  Sample

                        Entity Type Definition:  A sample, with regard to this data set, is a field-collected rock specimen from an in situ outcrop (lava

flows or vent deposits) located within the Lake of the Woods South 7.5’ quadrangle (42122c2). The goal was to collect a

representative suite of samples for each unit. A sample may have been apportioned for the following possible types of

analysis: hand-sample analysis with possible use of a hand lens and other tools; chemical analysis by x-ray fluorescence

spectroscopy (all samples); thin section analysis; age-dating by either K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar methods. Samples can be displayed

as point data.

In the LOTWSSamples files, sample collection locations are indicated with either a black triangle or with a yellow square

with a black outline. The black triangles represent samples for which there is available chemistry data in the attributes table.

The yellow squares represent samples that have been age-dated by K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar dating methods and also have chemistry

data in the data table (attribute table).

                        Entity Type Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

            Attribute: 

                        Attribute Label:  Map_No

                        Attribute Definition: The Map_No is the map number. It was assigned sequentially to all of the samples after they were organized

by age, formation, and silica content. The samples and their data were organized first by the formation, from oldest to

youngest formation. Within each formation the data were further organized by placing age- dated samples before samples

that were not age-dated. The age-dated samples for each formation were arranged by silica content, from lowest to highest

silica content. Then the non-age-dated samples for each formation were arranged by silica content, from lowest to highest.

After the data were organized, the map numbers were assigned sequentially down the data table from 1 to 153.

                                    Attribute Definition Source:  None

                        Attribute Domain Values: 

                                    Range Domain:

Range Domain Minimum:  1

Range Domain Maximum:  153

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Sample_No

Attribute Definition:  The Sample_No is the combination of numbers and possibly letters that was assigned to a sample when it

was collected in the field, or shortly thereafter. The letters, if present indicate the initials of the person who collected the

sample and the first two numbers represent the last two digits of the year in which the sample was collected. After the first

two numbers is a dash followed by a unique number that indicates a sample’s place in the order of collection for a particular

year.

Attribute Definition Source:  None

                        Attribute Domain Values:

 Unpresentable Domain:  The values of this attribute were created systematically, but they are not all numerical and there is

no very easy way to describe the domain of these values without creating a sizeable list of the actual values. It is best

to understand how the Sample_No attribute was assigned as discussed in the Attribute Definition above.

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  KAr_Age_Ma

                        Attribute Definition:  The KAr_Age_Ma is a sample’s absolute age in millions of years as determined by K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar dating

methods. Not all samples collected in the Lake of the Woods South quadrangle have been age-dated. Also provided is the

error range of the dated age of a sample.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  Consult Mertzman et al. (2007)

                        Attribute Domain Values:  

                                    Range Domain:

Range Domain Minimum:  0.33 +/- 0.12

Range Domain Maximum:  3.32 +/- 0.27

Attribute Units of Measure:  Millions of years (Ma)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Qtr_of_Qtr

                        Attribute Definition:  The Qtr_of_Qtr attribute concerns the quarter-quarter section classifier of the Public Land Survey

                                    System (PLSS). This attribute describes in what quarter (NW, NE, SE, SW) of a quarter section of a township a sample

was collected. All Township descriptors are according to the grid defined by the Willamette Meridian and Willamette

Base Line of the PLSS.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

                                    and http://www.blm.gov/or/landrecords/legaldescrip.php

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  NW

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The northwest quarter of a quarter section of a township.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

boundaries/a_plss.html

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  NE

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The northeast quarter of a quarter section of a township.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  SE

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The southeast quarter of a quarter section of a township.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

boundaries/a_plss.html

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  SW

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The southwest quarter of a quarter section of a township.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

boundaries/a_plss.html

Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Qtr_of_Sec

                        Attribute Definition:  The Qtr_of_Sec attribute concerns the quarter section classifier of the (PLSS). This attribute

describes in what quarter section (NW, NE, SE, SW) of a township a sample was collected. All Township

descriptors are according to the grid defined by the Willamette Meridian and Willamette Base Line of the PLSS.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

                                    and http://www.blm.gov/or/landrecords/legaldescrip.php

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  NW

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The northwest quarter section of a township.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

boundaries/a_plss.html

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  NE

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The northeast quarter section of a township.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

boundaries/a_plss.html 

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  SE

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The southeast quarter section of a township.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

boundaries/a_plss.html

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  SW

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The southwest quarter section of a township.

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

boundaries/a_plss.html

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Sec

                        Attribute Definition:  The Sec is the Section of the Township according to the PLSS grid in which the sample was collected.

The Section is “a one-square-mile block of land, containging 640 acres, or approximately one thirty-sixth of a township.

Due to the curvature of the Earth, sections may occasionally be slightly smaller than one square mile.” All Township

descriptors are according to the grid defined by the Willamette Meridian and Willamette Base Line of the PLSS.

                        Attribute Definition Source: Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

                                    and http://www.blm.gov/or/landrecords/legaldescrip.php

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  2

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  36

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  T_S

Attribute Definition:  The T_S (Township_South) is the value of the horizontal row of townships in the PLSS grid (Willamette

Meridian and Willamette Base Line) in which the sample was collected. The “S” (South) descriptor indicates that the

township rows that pertain to this data set are south of the Willamette Base Line of the PLSS. When combined with

the R_E (Range) attribute value, this information provides the specific ~36 square mile Township in the Willamette

Meridian and Base Line defined grid of the PLSS in which the sample was collected. The other more specific PLSS

descriptor attributes were described and discussed above.

                        Attribute Definition Source: Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

                                    and http://www.blm.gov/or/landrecords/legaldescrip.php

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  37

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  38

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  R_E

                        Attribute Definition:  The R_E (Range_East) is the value of the vertical column of townships in the PLSS grid (Willamette

                                    Meridian and Willamette Base Line) in which the sample was collected. The “E” (East) descriptor indicates that the

                                    township columns that pertain to this data set are to the East of the Willamette Meridian. When combined with the

                                    T_S attribute value, this information provides the specific ~36 square mile Township in the Willamette Meridian and

Base Line defined grid of the PLSS in which the sample was collected.  The other more specific PLSS descriptor

attributes were described above.

                        Attribute Definition Source: Consult http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

                                    and http://www.blm.gov/or/landrecords/legaldescrip.php

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  5

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  6

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  UTM_E_m

Attribute Definition:  This is the easting value in meters of a sample’s collection location according to the NAD 1927 UTM Zone

10 projection system. This value was determined with the MapInfo Professional version 7.0 Coordinate Extractor extension.

Attribute Definition Source: Consult http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/factsheets/fs07701.html

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  561,942.84

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  571,747.91

Attribute Units of Measure:  meters

            Attribute:         

Attribute Label:  UTM_N_m

                        Attribute Definition:  This is the northing value in meters of a sample's collection location according to the NAD 1927

                                    UTM Zone 10 projection system. This value was determined with the MapInfo Professional version 7.0

                                    Coordinate Extractor extension.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  Consult http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/factsheets/fs07701.html

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum: 4,677,673.05 

                                                Range Domain Maximum: 4,691,273.96

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: meters

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Unit

Attribute Definition:  This is the unit, indicated by the unit’s symbol, to which a collected rock sample belongs. Samples

collected in an area of Qbv are grouped with the unit in which the Qbv is found.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  Qabm 

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Andesite of Brown Mountain (Upper Pleistocene)   

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)       

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbbb

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basalt of Burton Butte (Middle Pleistocene)

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbah   

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basaltic Andesite of High Knob (Lower Pleistocene)

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbbp   

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basalt of Buck Peak (Lower Pleistocene)

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbbl

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basalt of Buck Lake (Lower Pleistocene)

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  Qawp   

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Andesite of Whiteface Peak (Lower to Middle Pleistocene)

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

                        Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  Qbams  

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basaltic Andesite of Muddy Spring (Upper Pliocene to Lower

Pleistocene)

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

                        Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  Tpbas   

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basaltic Andesite of Surveyor Mountain (Upper Pliocene to Lower

                                                            Pleistocene)

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

                        Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  Tpbtc   

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basalt of Tunnel Creek (Upper Pliocene)

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

                        Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  Tparc

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Andesite of Rainbow Creek (Middle to Upper Pliocene)

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  Tpais   

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Andesite of Ichabod Spring (Middle Pliocene)

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Lith

Attribute Definition:  The Lith attribute is an abbreviation of the lithology of the sample according to the total alkali (Na2O + K2O

(weight%(wt%))) versus silica (SiO2 wt%) classification (TAS classification) of Le Maitre (2002). The chemistry of the

sample was determined by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Macroscopic characteristics of the various lithologies

are not discussed here.

                        Attribute Definition Source: See Mertzman et al. (2007) and Le Maitre (2002)

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  B 

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basalt: a volcanic rock with a silica content of 45-52 wt% and less

                                                            less than 5 wt% total alkali (Na2O + K2O wt%) content.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007) and Le Maitre (2002)

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  BA

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Basaltic Andesite: a volcanic rock with 52-57 wt% silica content and a

                                                            total alkali content of less that 5 wt% at 52 wt%  SiO2 and less than 5.9 wt% at 57 wt% SiO2.

Between 52 and 57 wt% SiO2, the upper total alkali boundary increases linearly from 5 to 5.9 wt%.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source: See Mertzman et al. (2007), Le Maitre (2002) and

                                                            http://www.geol.lsu.edu/henry/Geology3041/lectures/02IgneousClassify/IUGS-IgneousClassFlowChart.htm.

lectures/02IgneousClassify/IUGS-IgneousClassFlowChart.htm.

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  A

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Andesite: a volcanic rock with a silica content of 57-63 wt%

                                                            and a total alkali content of less than 5.9 wt% at 57 wt% SiO2 and less than 7 wt% at 63 wt% SiO2.

                                                            Between 57 and 63 wt% SiO2, the upper total alkali boundary increases linearly from 5.9 wt% to 7 wt%.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007), Le Maitre (2002), and

                                                            http://www.geol.lsu.edu/henry/Geology3041/lectures/02IgneousClassify/IUGS-IgneousClassFlowChart.htm

lectures/02IgneousClassify/IUGS-IgneousClassFlowChart.htm

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value: D  

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  Dacite: a volcanic rock with a silica (SiO2) content of 63- ~77 wt% and a

total alkali content of less than 7 wt% at 63 wt% SiO2, less than 8 wt% at 69 wt% SiO2, and ~ 0 wt% at

~77 wt% SiO2. Between 63 and 69 wt% SiO2, the upper total alkali boundary increases linearly from 7 to

8 wt%, and then from 69 to ~77 wt% SiO2, the upper total alkali boundary of the Dacite field in the TAS

decreases linearly from 8 to ~0 wt%.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007), Le Maitre (2002), and

                                                            http://www.geol.lsu.edu/henry/Geology3041/lectures/02IgneousClassify/IUGS-IgneousClassFlowChart.htm

lectures/02IgneousClassify/IUGS-IgneousClassFlowChart.htm

 

Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  SiO2_%

Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of silica (SiO2) in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                            

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  46.52

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  67.20                                                                                             

Attribute Units of Measure:  weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  TiO2_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of titanium (TiO2) in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source: See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                         

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.57

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  1.22

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label: Al2O3_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of aluminum (Al2O3) in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  15.26

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  19.79

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  Fe2O3_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of ferric iron (Fe2O3) in the sample as calculated using results measured by

XRF spectroscopy and Iron Titration.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7991.xml and http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.12 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  9.12

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  FeO_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of ferrous Iron (FeO) in the sample determined by Iron Titration.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7991.xml and http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.66

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  7.77

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  MnO_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of manganese (MnO) in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.07 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  0.62

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  MgO_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of magnesium (MgO) in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.61

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  9.09

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  CaO_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of calcium (CaO) in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  2.47

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  11.12

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  Na2O_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of sodium (Na2O) in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  2.03 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  5.67

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  K2O_% 

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of potassium (K2O) in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.10 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  1.93

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:         

                        Attribute Label:  P2O5_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The weight percent (wt%) of phosphorous (P2O5) in the sample as measured by XRF spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.07 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  0.38

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  LOI_% 

                        Attribute Definition: True Loss on Ignition: the amount of weight lost or gained (weight percent (wt%)) by the sample after

heating to between 900ºC and 950ºC for one hour added to a value that accounts for the changes in weight resulting

from the oxidation of ferrous iron.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7991.xml and http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum: 0.01 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  3.95

                                                Attribute Units of Measure:  weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Total_% 

                        Attribute Definition:  The total weight percent (wt%) is the sum of the weight percent values for SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3,

                                    FeO, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5, and LOI.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  97.79

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  100.94

                                                Attribute Units of Measure:  weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Fe2O3T_%

                        Attribute Definition:  The ferric iron content (wt%) measured by XRF spectroscopy. This is not the true amount of ferric

                                    iron originally present in the rock sample because it also accounts for ferrous iron that was oxidized to ferric iron

                                    during the preparation for XRF.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7991.xml and http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  4.78

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  10.42

                                                Attribute Units of Measure:  weight percent (wt%)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Rb_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of rubidium present in the sample as measured by XRF

spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.4

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  29.0

                                                Attribute Units of Measure:  parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Sr_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of strontium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  363

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  1308

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Y_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of yttrium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml

                        Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  8.6 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  41.1

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Zr_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of zirconium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  46

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  183

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  V_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of vanadium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  54

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  258

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Ni_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of nickel present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum: 2

                                                Range Domain Maximum: 173

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Cr_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of chromium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  1

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  422

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Nb_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of niobium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  1

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  8.6

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Ga_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of gallium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  15.3 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  23.2

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Cu_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of copper present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  9                                                                                         

Range Domain Maximum:  157

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Zn_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of zinc present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  49

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  99

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Co_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of cobalt present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  6.7 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  45

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Ba_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of barium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  102

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  812

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  La_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of lanthanum present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  3.4 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  24

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Ce_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of cesium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  2.4 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  43.5

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  U_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of uranium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.3 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  2.9

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Th_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of thorium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.2 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  5.7

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Sc_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of scandium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  12 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  41

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Pb_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of lead present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  2 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  19

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Yb_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of ytterbium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.6 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  2.82

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Be_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of beryllium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.6 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  2.8

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Hf_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of hafnium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy. This element was only measured for two of the samples.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  1.5 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  3.9

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Ta_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of tantalum present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  <0.3 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  <0.3

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Nd_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of neodymium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy. This element was only measured for two of the samples.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  9 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  25

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Sm_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of samarium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy. This element was only measured for two of the samples.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  2.45 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  4.85

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Eu_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of europium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy. This element was only measured for two of the samples.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.98 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  1.45

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Tb_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of terbium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy. This element was only measured for two of the samples.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.6 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  0.9

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  Lu_ppm

                        Attribute Definition:  The amount (in parts per million (ppm)) of lutetium present in the sample as measured by XRF

                                    spectroscopy. This element was only measured for two of the samples.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  See http://fandm.edu/x7985.xml                                        

Attribute Domain Values:

                                    Range Domain:

                                                Range Domain Minimum:  0.32 

                                                Range Domain Maximum:  0.42

                                                Attribute Units of Measure: parts per million (ppm)

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  DatedOrNot

                        Attribute Definition:  This attribute is only present in the ESRI Shapefile formatted Lake of the Woods South Samples

                                    file (LOTWSSamples_point.shp). This attribute indicates if a sample was age-dated or not.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  None

                        Attribute Domain Values: 

                                    Enumerated Domain:    

Enumerated Domain Value:  Y   

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The Y stands for “Yes,” meaning that this rock sample has been

                                                            age-dated by K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar dating methods.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  None

                                    Enumerated Domain:

                                                Enumerated Domain Value:  N

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  The N stands for “No,” meaning that this rock sample has not

                                                            been age-dated with radiometric dating methods.

                                                Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  None

Detailed Description:

            Entity Type:

                        Entity Type Label:  Volcanic Center

                        Entity Type Definition:  A volcanic center is a source of volcanic rocks. In other words, it is a location where subterranean magma

has erupted onto the surface. The locations of the some of the volcanic centers in the Lake of the Woods South quadrangle

were determined on the basis of vent deposits. Other observations made in the field helped to locate volcanic centers where

there were no vent deposits.

In this data set, the volcanic centers are point data displayed as red triangles with a black outline.

                        Entity Type Definition Source: See Mertzman et al. (2007) for a description of the vent deposits.

            Attribute:

                        Attribute Label:  volcaniccenters

                        Attribute Definition:  This attribute contains no information and was created by MapInfo Professional version 7.0 when the point

data were created with that program. Each row in this attribute column corresponds to a point that represents a volcanic

center within the Lake of the Woods South 7.5’ quadrangle.

                        Attribute Definition Source:  None

Detailed Description:

            Entity Type:

                        Entity Type Label:  Fault

                        Entity Type Definition:  A fault is a planar fracture or area of fracture rock where there is relative movement of large bodies

                                    of rock. There is one prominent fault in the Lake of the Woods South 7.5’ Quadrangle. This fault is a normal fault with the

                                    relatively down-dropped block (hanging wall) to the east and the relatively up-lifted block (footwall) to the west. What is

really shown by the fault on a map is the fault trace, its location on the ground surface.

In this data set, the fault is composed of two polylines with different line styles. The dashed line with the hatch marks/ tick

marks/ bars represents the approximate location of the fault where the fault trace is buried/concealed. The solid line with

hatch marks/ tick marks/ bars represents the approximate location of the fault trace. The hatch marks/ tick marks/ bars are on

the down-dropped block (hanging wall), which is to the east of the fault.

                        Entity Type Definition Source:  See Mertzman et al. (2007), http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/fault.html ,

                                    http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/glossary_2.html ,

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learning/glossary.php?term=fault%20plane ,

http://www2.nature.nps.gov/geology/usgsnps/deform/ghangft.html , and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault_(geology)

            Attribute:

                        AttributeLabel: Appr_or_Conc

                        AttributeDefinition: This attribute indicates ifthe fault trace is present on the earth’s surface or if the fault is buried.

Attribute Definition Source:  None

                        AttributeDomain Values:

                                    EnumeratedDomain:

                                                EnumeratedDomain Value: Approximate

Enumerated Domain Value Definition:  This indicates that the fault trace is present on the earth’s surface and that its

location is a close approximation. This portion of the fault is displayed on the geologic map as a hatch-marked

solid line with the bars/hatches on the down-dropped block (hanging wall).

Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:   None

                                    EnumeratedDomain:

                                                EnumeratedDomain Value: Concealed

                                                EnumeratedDomain Value Definition: This indicatesthat the fault trace is not present on the surface of the earth and

that the fault is concealed. The location of the concealed portion of the fault is approximate and is displayed as

a dashed line with hatch marks that lie on the down-dropped block / hanging wall.

                                                EnumeratedDomain Value Definition Source: None

           

Distribution Information

Metadata Reference Information

Metadata Date:  20071004

Metadata Contact:  

            ContactInformation:

                        ContactPerson Primary:

                                    ContactPerson: Isaac Weaver

                        ContactPosition: Research Assistant

                        ContactAddress:

                                    AddressType: mailing and physical address

                                    Address: Isaac Weaver, Franklin and Marshall College,Department of Earth and Environment, PO Box 3003

City:  Lancaster

State or Province:  Pennsylvania

Postal Code:  17604

                        ContactVoice Telephone: Unavailable

                        ContactElectronic Mail Address: iweaver@fandm.edu

Metadata Standard Name:  FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata Standard Version:  Version 2 – 1998